Schizophrenia neuropathology

NMDA receptor dysfunction has been characterized in different brain regions of patients with schizophrenia. Neuropathological studies revealed altered expression of receptor subunits in... 

Schizophrenia is not a neurodegenerative disease but there is some general neuropathology. There is also evidence for a genetic influence. In monozygotic twins with... 

Roberts GW and Crow TJ (1987). Neuropathology of schizophrenia. British Medical Bulletin, 43, 599-615. 

Johnston-Wilson NLet al. Disease-specific alterations in frontal cortex brain proteins in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The Stanley Neuropathology Consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2000 5 142-149. 

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia posits that the disorder is due to a subtle defect in prenatal brain development but is not clinically manifest until many years later (Murray and Lewis, 1987 Weinberger, 1987). This theory has two essential components a presumption of developmental neuropathology and an expectation that this developmental neuropathology results in a pattern of brain malfunction which ultimately produces the symptoms of schizophrenia. 

Before the development of brain imaging techniques, neuroanatomical correlates were primarily related to structural lesions of the CNS. Despite the fact that abnormalities have been found in both schizophrenia and affective illness, interest in the neuropathology of mood disorders has not been as intense as for schizophrenia. 

Harrison PJ, Weinberger DR Schizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology On the matter of their convergence. Mol Psychiatry 2005 10 40. [PMID 15263907]... 

UranovaNA, Vostrikov VM, Orlovskaya DD, Rachmanova VI. Oligodendroglial density in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and mood disorders A study from the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium. Schizophr Res 2004 67(2-3) 269-275. 

Harrison PJ. 2004. The hippocampus in schizophrenia A review of the neuropathological evidence and its pathological implications. Psychopharmacology 174 151-162. 

Harrison PJ, Lewis DA. 2003. Neuropathology of schizophrenia. Hirsch SR, Weinberger DR, editors. Schizophrenia. Blackwell Science Ltd MA Malden, pp. 310-325. 

Han HQ, Nichols RA, Rubin MR, Bahler M, Greengard P. 1991. Induction of formation of presynaptic terminals in neuroblastoma cells by synapsin lib. Nature 349 697-700. Harrison PJ. 1999. The neuropathology of schizophrenia. A critical review of the data and their interpretation. Brain Res 122 593-624. 

Harrison PJ. 2004. The hippocampus in schizophrenia A review of the neuropathological evidence and its pathophysiological implications. Psychopharmacology 174 151-162. Hemby SE, Ginsberg SD, Brunk B, Arnold SE, Trojanowski JQ, et al. 2002. Gene expression profile for schizophrenia Discrete neuron transcription patterns in the entorhinal cortex. Arch Gen Psychol 59 631-640. 

We propose that a redox/antioxidant dysregulation due to GSH deficit could represent a vulnerability factor at the early phase of brain development in at least a subgroup of schizophrenia patients. Combined with other genetic factors and environmental factors, such as stress, obstetrical complications or viral infections, it could favor the development of the disease. The role of the GSH deficit proposed allows integration in a causal way many phenomenological aspects of schizophrenia. It is compatible with both the DA and the glutamate/NMDA hypotheses and with the neuropathological observations. In contrast to... 

Harrison PJ. 1999. The neuropathology of schizophrenia. A critical review of the data and their interpretation. Brain 122 593-624. 

Matthysse S. 1973. Antipsychotic drug actions A clue to the neuropathology of schizophrenia Fed Proc 32 200-205. Mcguffin P, Tandon K, Corsico A. 2003. Linkage and association studies of schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 5 121-127. 

Arnold SE. 2000. Hippocampal pathology. The Neuropathology of Schizophrenia. Progress and Interpretation. Harrison PJ, Roberts GW, editors. Oxford Oxford University Press. 

Harrison PJ, Eastwood SL. 2001. Neuropathological studies of synaptic connectivity in the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia. Hippocampus 11 508-519. 

Heckers S. 1997. Neuropathology of schizophrenia Cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, and neurotransmitter-specific projection systems. Schizophr Bull 23 403-421. 

Clinton SM, Meador-Woodruff JH. 2004b. Thalamic dysfunction in schizophrenia Neurochemical, neuropathological, and in vivo imaging abnormalities. Schizophr Res 69 237-253. 

Bruton CJ, Crow TJ, Frith CD, Johnstone EC, Owens DG, et al. 1990. Schizophrenia and the brain A prospective clin-ico-neuropathological study. Psychol Med 20(2) 285-304. 

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