Saudi Arabia between

Chlorine cannot be stored economically or moved long distances. International movements of bulk chlorine are more or less limited to movements between Canada and the United States. In 1987, chlorine moved in the form of derivatives was 3.3 million metric tons or approximately 10% of total consumption (3). Exports of ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer, poly(vinyl chloride), propylene oxide, and chlorinated solvents comprise the majority of world chlorine movement. Countries or areas with a chlorine surplus exported in the form of derivatives include Western Europe, Bra2il, USA, Saudi Arabia, and Canada. Countries with a chlorine deficit are Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Vene2uela, South Africa, Thailand and Japan (3). 

Cyclohexane is present in all cmde oils in concentrations of 0.1—1.0%. The cycloparaffinic cmde oils, such as those from Nigeria and Venezuela, have high cyclohexane concentrations, and the highly paraffinic cmde oils, such as those from Indonesia. Saudi Arabia, and Pennsylvania, have low concentrations and concentrations of cycloparaffins in cmde oils from Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana tend to fall in between (see Petroleum). 

Global ethylene capacity is predicted to increase from 114 to 145 million metric tons (mmt) from 2004 to 2010, and the Middle East s share of the market is expected to grow from nine to 17 percent (Fig. 7.3). This implies that about 40 percent of new ethylene capacity will be built in the region. Major capital investment projects are already under way, including Sumitomo s joint venture with Aramco of Saudi Arabia. Aramco-Sumitomo will take over Aramco s oil refinery and crack 1.3 mmt of ethylene and 50,000 tonnes of propylene a year, together with 850,000 tonnes of propylene from a separate facility. Borouge, a 60/40 joint venture between Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and Borealis, is... 

The Middle East should exploit every ton of stranded gas available. The heavy investments in crackers (primarily ethane) and downstream products (mostly polymers) already under way will bring the region close to this level. Iran s NPC is building the two largest crackers in the world in the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, one of which is a naphtha cracker that will also produce 900,000 t/year of propylene. SABIC, meanwhile, is planning the start-up of its 1.3 mmt/year cracker by 2009 in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia and a joint venture between Chevron... 

The auto industry also pressured the EPA to reject the 43 mpg target of 17 states, forcing them to sue the EPA. The difference between the two targets (35 mpg vs. 43 mpg) is more than the total oil imported from Saudi Arabia and Iraq. 

Alpha-Sablin [Alpha Sabic Linde] A process for making linear C4 to C10 -olefins from ethylene. A proprietary homogeneous catalyst is used in a bubble-column reactor. Developed between 1994 and 2001 by Sabic and Linde. One plant was under construction in Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia, in 2005. 

Alternative routes that do not produce sizeable quantities of coproducts and that do not use chlorine-based chemistry have already been, or will be, implemented at the commercial level. In April 2003, Sumitomo Chemical commercialized the first PO-only plant in Japan, which produces PO by oxidation of propene with cumyl hydroperoxide (the latter being obtained by hydroperoxidation of cumene) without a significant formation of coproducts. Nowadays, the plant located at the Chiba factory, a joint venture between Nihon Oxirane Co and Lyondell, produces around 200 000 tons of PO/year. A second plant was started in May 2009 in Saudi Arabia, a joint project with Saudi Arabian Oil Co. 

Even when new oil fields have been identified, substantial investment of time and money is required, partieularly olfshore in deep water, before extraction can begin. It is important to distinguish between reserves in place and excess production capacity available at short notice. Among the major producing countries, only Saudi Arabia has excess capacity (about 3x10 barrels per day 4% of world consumption) that could be brought into use quickly. Elsewhere, the exploitation of fresh reserves will require substantial investment and concern has been expressed that the necessary capital may not be available. 

The dynamics of a Patriot missile launcher located somevdiere in Saudi Arabia to shoot down incoming SCUD missiles are given by the following openloop transfer function between 6 (the angle between the horizon and the missile direction) and M (the power to the motor that positions the launcher) ... 

We were sending three Iranian Army officers to the United States, he explained, "to attend a course of instruction in army schools. The only way to get them there in time was to fly them in the embassy plane to the U.S. Air Force base at Dhahran, on the Persian Gulf, where they could be transferred to a plane of the Air Transport Command. In doing this there was a delicate diplomatic question involved, for Dhahran is in Saudi Arabian territory, and there have been no diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran for quite a while. 

The House of Saud, the royal family that rules Saudi Arabia, controls over one-fifth of the world s total resources. This income allows the family to dominate a country that is in many ways at war with itself. Tension within the royal family arises from debate over political reform, corruption in the royal family, and the tenuous relationship between Saudi Arabia and the United States (Baer 2003 Noreng 2002). When King Fahd suffered a debilitating stroke in 1995, leaving his half brother, Abdullah, as the defacto leader, there was widespread concern about the country s future direction and whether it would remain friendly to Western countries. 

Interaction between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and sickle cell gene in Saudi Arabia. 

The country is hot and dry. The place with the highest MKT (30.8°C) is Ad-Dammam at the east coast. Mean temperatures never drop below 11.8°C (in January at night), but go up to 44.1°C (in July at noon). The driest place is the capital Ar-Riyad (Riyadh) (see Eigs. 4.9 and 4.10). Other cities analysed are Jeddah (Jid-dah), Makkah (Mecca) and Al-Madinah (Medina). The highest mean temperature of 29.1°C has been calculated at 41.8° E, 17.9° N, at the coast to the Red Sea, southeast of A1 Birk. Mean daily temperatures fluctuate between 23.7°C (in February at 00 00 UTC) and 34.8°C (in July at 12 00 UTC). This is also the most humid place iden-tifled in Saudi Arabia. The lowest mean partial vapour pressure is as high as 22.7 hPa (in January at 12 00 UTC), and the maximum value is 33.8 hPa (in September at 18 00 UTC). 

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