Saturated sodium calomel

Hg/Hg2CI2 sat. NaCI saturated sodium calomel electrode (SSCE) 0.2360... 

Scanning electrochemical microscopy Saturated sodium calomel electrode (SSCE = 0.236 V vs. the normal hydrogen electrode)... 

Electrochemistry was performed in normal three-electrode mode with a PAR 273A potentiostat/galvanostat and a conventional glass electrochemical cell. Potentials were recorded versus a saturated sodium calomel reference electrode (SSCE). 

There are few photochemical studies on dinuclear and polynuclear gold (I) and (III) complexes in the literature. The [ n+ l)pa, nda ] excited states of [Au2(dppm)2] are powerful reductants, with an E° value of—1.6(1) V vs. SSCE (saturated sodium chloride calomel electrode) [3, 4a, 9] however [Au2(diphosphine)2] systems do not... 

For the electrochemical measurements reported herein, all cyclic voltammetry measurements are performed in CH2C12 with 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate (Bu4NBF4) as supporting electrolyte, while measurements in CH3CN use 0.1 M tetra-ethylammonium perchlorate. Cyclic voltammetry measurements are performed in a three-electrode, one-compartment cell equipped with a Pt working electrode, a Pt auxiliary electrode, and a saturated sodium chloride calomel (SSCE) reference electrode. E1 2 = (Ep.a + Ep.c)/2 AEP = Ep,e - Ep,a-Ei/2 and AEP values are measured at 100 mV/sec. Ferrocene is used as a reference in the measurement of the electrochemical potentials. 

NCS, NH3, PR, py, CNR,...) have reversible potentials ranging from -0.3 to +2.0 V in acetonitrile vs. the saturated sodium chloride calomel (SSCE) reference electrode (2) and electron transfer involving such couples is known to be facile (3). Ru(IV) is also an accessible oxidation state at relatively low potentials by loss o grotons from bound water following oxidation, Ru(bpy)2(py)... 

Table I. Values for Ru(III)/Ru(II) Couples in O.IM N(if—C4H94 PF 6-Acetonitrile at 22 2 C vs. the Saturated Sodium Chloride Calomel Electrode"...

SSCE = saturated sodium chloride calomel electrode... 

Saturated sodium chloride calomel electrode. 0. IM BmNhexafluorophosphate at Pt electrode at 22 2°C ... 

Bioanalytical Systems BAS 100 and BAS lOOA Electrochemical Analyzers, a PAR 174 polarograph and a pulse generator-transient recorder combination were used for performing cyclic voltammetry, linear-sweep voltammetry, and chronocoulometry. Rotating-disc current-potential curves were recorded with a Tacussel model EDI electrode operating at rates of 100 to 2500 rpm. All measurements were made at ambient temperature (21 2 C) in a single-compartment cell employing saturated calomel (SCE) or saturated sodium chloride calomel (SSCE) reference electrodes and platinum discs as counter electrodes. 

Prepare an approximately 0.1 M silver nitrate solution. Place 0.1169 g of dry sodium chloride in the beaker, add 100 mL of water, and stir until dissolved. Use a silver wire electrode (or a silver-plated platinum wire), and a silver-silver chloride or a saturated calomel reference electrode separated from the solution by a potassium nitrate-agar bridge (see below). Titrate the sodium chloride solution with the silver nitrate solution following the general procedure described in Experiment 1 it is important to have efficient stirring and to wait long enough after each addition of titrant for the e.m.f. to become steady. Continue the titration 5 mL beyond the end point. Determine the end point and thence the molarity of the silver nitrate solution. 

Place the prepared copper acetate solution in the beaker and add 10 mL of 20 per cent potassium iodide solution. Set the stirrer in motion and add distilled water, if necessary, until the platinum plate electrode is fully immersed. Use a saturated calomel reference electrode, and carry out the normal potentiometric titration procedure using a standard sodium thiosulphate solution as titrant. 

In addition to their use as reference electrodes in routine potentiometric measurements, electrodes of the second kind with a saturated KC1 (or, in some cases, with sodium chloride or, preferentially, formate) solution as electrolyte have important applications as potential probes. If an electric current passes through the electrolyte solution or the two electrolyte solutions are separated by an electrochemical membrane (see Section 6.1), then it becomes important to determine the electrical potential difference between two points in the solution (e.g. between the solution on both sides of the membrane). Two silver chloride or saturated calomel electrodes are placed in the test system so that the tips of the liquid bridges lie at the required points in the system. The value of the electrical potential difference between the two points is equal to that between the two probes. Similar potential probes on a microscale are used in electrophysiology (the tips of the salt bridges are usually several micrometres in size). They are termed micropipettes (Fig. 3.8D.)... 

Mishra and Gode developed a direct current polarographic method for the quantitative determination of niclosamide in tablets using individually three different buffer systems, namely Mcllraine s buffers (pH 2.20 8.00), borate buffers (pH 7.80—10.00), and Britton Robinson s buffers (pH 2.00—12.00) as well as 0.2 M sodium hydroxide. The drug was extracted from the sample with methanol, appropriate buffer was added to an aliquot and the solution then polarographed at the dropping-mercury electrode versus saturated calomel electrode at 25°C [36], The resultant two-step reduction waves observed were irreversible and diffusion-controlled. For the quantitative determination, the method of standard addition was used. Niclosamide can be determined up to a level of 5—10 pg/mL. 

Figure 2.1. Differential pulse polarographic verification of sunlight-induced bromate production in chlorinated seawater. Curve (a) polarogram from untreated seawater, seawater immediately after chlorination to 4.9 ppm, or chlorinated seawater kept in the dark for 4 h at 40 °C. Curve (b) polarogram from chlorinated seawater exposed to full sunlight for 70 min. Curve (c) standard 1.0 x 10-6 M sodium bromate in seawater, offset with respect to curves (a) and (b). Polarograms were recorded at 25 °CandpH 8.35 SCE saturated calomel electrode. From [19]...

Care In some books, SSCE is taken to mean a sodium chloride saturated calomel electrode. 

In Nebraska, state regulations require that the chemical makeup of animal feed sold in the state be accurately reflected on the labels found on the feed bags. The Nebraska State Agriculture Laboratory is charged with the task of performing the analytical laboratory work required. An example is salt (sodium chloride) content. The method used to analyze the feed for sodium chloride involves a potentio-metric titration. A chloride ion-selective electrode in combination with a saturated calomel reference electrode is used. After dissolving the feed sample, the chloride is titrated with a silver nitrate standard solution. The reaction involves the formation of the insoluble precipitate silver chloride. The electrode monitors the decrease in the chloride concentration as the titration proceeds, ultimately detecting the end point (when the chloride ion concentration is zero). 

Charlie Focht of the Nebraska State Agriculture Laboratory refills a saturated calomel electrode with saturated potassium chloride while preparing to analyze animal feed samples for sodium chloride via a poten-tiometric titration. 

Care some authors use the acronym SSCE to mean a sodium calomel electrode, i.e. an SCE filled with NaCl rather than KCl. In order to avoid this confusion, we will avoid this acronym altogether. 

We recall from earlier that this electrode is often termed the SSCE, an acronym we will not be using here because so many authors use it to refer to the sodium saturated calomel electrode. 

Krasensky and Studnickova [221] have prepared quaternary ammonium amalgam via electroreduction of tetraethylam-monium tetrafluoroborate in the aqueous medium at the room temperature. At the applied voltage of —2.8 to —2.4 V versus sodium saturated calomel electrode (SSCE) hydrogen evolution occurred simultaneously. Composition of the black precipitate formed was found to be Et4N Hg, where x = 2.9 0.8. 

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