Satellite peak

A line is then drawn vertically upward from F to satellite peak F. The mirror image partner of F, appearing on the same horizontal axis, is A, which establishes the connectivity of the C-2 quaternary carbon with the attached methyl carbon (8 24.3). The carbon-carbon connectivity assignments based on the 2D INADEQUATE experiment are presented around the structure. 

The 2D INADEQUATE spectrum contains satellite-peaks representing direct coupling interactions between adjacent C nuclei. The 2D INADEQUATE spectrum and C-NMR data of methyl tetrahydrofuran are shown. Assign the carbon-carbon connectivities using the 2D INADEQUATE plot. 

Fig. 4.6 Layer sequence and X-ray diffraction (CuK ) of 8f period 4PbTe/4PbSe superfattice. Buffer layer is a fO-cycfe PbSe. Angle of incidence is 1°. The (111) diifraction peak (So), along with both first-order satellite peaks, and one second-order peak, are evident and indicative of the formation of a superlattice. (The XRD diagram is reprinted with permission from [76], Copyright 2009, American Chemical Society)...

It is also possible that Pd is reduced to a second PdHx phase. When the metalhc Pd chemical shift was compared to PdHx as reported in the hterature (13), the core level Pd 3d5/2 binding energy shift was only 0.2 eV. The article also found that the asyimnetiy of the 3d peak was slightly reduced, and a shakeup satellite peak (indicated by the arrow in Figure 15.6) disappeared. However, in the presence of metalhc Pd, we cannot determine whether a second PdHx phase is present. 

The blue satellite peak associated with resonance line of rubidium (Rb) saturated with a noble gas was closely examined by Lepoint-Mullie et al. [10] They observed SL from RbCl aqueous solution and from a 1-octanol solution of rubidium 1-octanolate saturated with argon or krypton at a frequency of 20 kHz. Figure 13.4 shows the comparison of the SL spectra of the satellite peaks of Rb-Ar and Rb-Kr in water (Fig. 13.4b) and in 1-octanol (Fig. 13.4c) with the gas-phase fluorescence spectra (Fig. 13.4a) associated with the B —> X transition of Rb-Ar and Rb-Kr van der Waals molecules. The positions of the blue satellite peaks obtained in SL experiments, as indicated by arrows, exactly correspond to those obtained in the gas-phase fluorescence experiments. Lepoint-Mullie et al. attributed the blue satellites to B — X transitions of alkali-metal/rare-gas van der Waals species, which suggested that alkali-metal atom emission occurs inside cavitating bubbles. They estimated the intracavity relative density to be 18 from the shift of the resonance line by a similar procedure to that adopted by Sehgal et al. [14],... 

An exception to this rule arises in the ESR spectra of radicals with small hyperfine parameters in solids. In that case the interplay between the Zeeman and anisotropic hyperfine interaction may give rise to satellite peaks for some radical orientations (S. M. Blinder, J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 33, 748 H. Sternlicht,./. Chem. Phys., 1960, 33, 1128). Such effects have been observed in organic free radicals (H. M. McConnell, C. Heller, T. Cole and R. W. Fessenden, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959, 82, 766) but are assumed to be negligible for the analysis of powder spectra (see Chapter 4) where A is often large or the resolution is insufficient to reveal subtle spectral features. The nuclear Zeeman interaction does, however, play a central role in electron-nuclear double resonance experiments and related methods [Appendix 2 and Section 2.6 (Chapter 2)]. 

A negative long-period peak is always accompanied by two positive satellite peaks with each half the area (simplified zero-sum rule). Remember the alternating signs of the 5-functions in Fig. 8.24 and have a look at p. 158. 

The two predominant features in Figure 3.24 are attributable to the 4f orbitals of the Pt electrode. The two peaks were deconvoluted as shown into a main peak and a smaller satellite peak. At potentials > 0.7 V vs. SCE, a peak at 77.1 eV was observed which was attributed to PtO. On the basis of these results, those of Kim et ai (1971), and the coulometric and ellipsometric data discussed above, Augustynski and Balsenc (1979) proposed that the signal attributed to the Pt 4f orbitals shifted via formation of PtO was only observed after the formation of the phase oxide, since it is only after this place exchange that the chemical environment of the Pt atoms is modified... 

Given the lattice mismatch of InAs (a = 0.606 nm) with InSb (a = 0.648 nm), about 6.5%, defects are expected, or a strained layer superlattice at best. Figure 39 is an XRD pattern for a 41 period InAs/InSb deposit, where each period was 10 cycles of InAs followed by 10 cycles of InSb. The central [111] reflection is near 28° and is quite broad. Superlattices should display satellite peaks at angles corresponding... 

How then, can one recover some quantity that scales with the local charge on the metal atoms if their valence electrons are inherently delocalized Beyond the asymmetric lineshape of the metal 2p3/2 peak, there is also a distinct satellite structure seen in the spectra for CoP and elemental Co. From reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS), we have determined that this satellite structure originates from plasmon loss events (instead of a two-core-hole final state effect as previously thought [67,68]) in which exiting photoelectrons lose some of their energy to valence electrons of atoms near the surface of the solid [58]. The intensity of these satellite peaks (relative to the main peak) is weaker in CoP than in elemental Co. This implies that the Co atoms have fewer valence electrons in CoP than in elemental Co, that is, they are definitely cationic, notwithstanding the lack of a BE shift. For the other compounds in the MP (M = Cr, Mn, Fe) series, the satellite structure is probably too weak to be observed, but solid solutions Coi -xMxl> and CoAs i yPv do show this feature (vide infra) [60,61]. 

Fig. 27 Correlation between Co charge and intensity of the satellite peak in Co 2p XPS spectra...

Fig. 28 Comparison of RE 3d XPS spectra for a LaFe4Pi2 and CeFe4Pi2 with b LaP, CeF3, and CeF4. The 3d5/2 (A) and 3d3/2 core lines (B), and satellite peaks (A, S ) are marked. Reprinted with permission from [110]. Copyright the American Chemical Society...

Lead nitrate complexed with EDTA and lead perchlorate and sodium sulphide have been used for PbS ECALE-deposition.158159 The films were cubic and highly (200) oriented, and AFM images showed the same cubic structure.158159 PbSe films were also cubic, and the band gap of a film after 50 deposition cycles was 8000cm-1.160 PbSe/PbTe superlattices, with 4.2-nm and 7.0-nm periods, have been grown by ECALE.161 The (111) reflection in the XRD pattern showed a first-order satellite peak and one second-order peak, indicating the formation of the superlattice. AFM images of the superlattice structure showed a small amount of three-dimensional growth.161... 

The Co 2p XPS spectra from in situ treatments of the catalysts are shown in Figures 2-5. The Co 2p BE, line shape, and satellite intensity vary noticeably among the samples. The variation of these three spectral features has been shown to be useful in identifying the different Co species present in a sample (4). For the Co V /2 line> the metallic peak is located near 778 eV, the +2 and +3 oxide peaks are near 781 eV, and +2 satellite peak is near 787 eV. The Co V /2 features are located at 15-16 eV higher BE than the corresponding Co V /2 peaks. 

The presence of two peaks in the TPR profile for the Co/Ti02 system suggested that two cobalt oxide species were present on the calcined catalyst. Using XPS, these species were identified as C03O4 and Co+. The Co V /2 xpS spectrum of the calcined Co/Ti02 catalyst had a satellite peak due to a Co+ ... 

They, in contrast to Kishi and Roberts (52) and Johnson and Roberts (55), interpret the N(ls) peak at 405 eV as a satellite of the 400-eV peak moreover Fuggle and Menzel observe two components to the 400-eV peak, one at 399.1 eV and the other at 400.4 eV. These they attribute to the two nonequivalent nitrogen atoms in a vertically adsorbed Nj molecule and draw the analogy with the splittings observed in dinitrogen complexes of transition metals. The question that is immediately raised is the interpretation of the relatively high intensity of the satellite peak, some 60% of the main peak. Fuggle et al. (56) have considered this point. 

The number of units in an MQW will be much more limited than the number of atomic planes sampled by the X-ray beam in a standard reflection. The intensity will be low, but also the MQW will behave as a thin crystal —the reciprocal lattice points will be extended into rods perpendicular to the crystal surface. This will broaden the reflection, and thus the width of each satellite peak is determined by the number of units in the MQW. It has even been possible, by... 

The number of satellite peaks will depend on the shape of the interface between the units. It is convenient to think of the diffraction pattern in the kinematic approximation as the Fourier transform of the structure. If the layers in the units were graded so that the overall structure factor variation were sinusoidal, this would have ordy one Fourier component and thus only one pair of satellites. If the interface is abrapt, this is equivalent to the Fourier transform of a square wave, which consists of an infinite number of odd harmonics the corresponding diffraction pattern is also an infinite number of odd satellites. The intensities of the satellites therefore contain information about the interface sharpness and grading. 

If there are variations in the period (period dispersion) then there are in effect different periods within the superlattice. The zero-order peak for each of these must be the same— because it is simply the average mismatch of the alloy— but the distribution of intensity in the various interference fringes will be slightly different. This will tend to affect the higher-order satellite peaks more than the lower orders, and if measured with a low resolution instmment there will appear to be an increase in the width of the satelhte peaks with order of the satellite, having taken out any instramental functions. 

A then follows from the measurement of any two satellite peak positions, or, better, the measurement and averaging of several. 

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