Octanol solution

An alternative, single mechanism for both bases may be formulated, however, by taking into account the differences in basicity (piCa = 5.25 and 11.01, for Py and EtsN, respectively [148]), and hydrophobicity between the two bases. A quantitative measure of the latter property is given by logP, the partition coefficient of the solute between n-octanol and water (logP = log([solute] octanol/[solute]water)> 0.65 and 1.45 for Py and EtsN, respectively [149]. This unified mechanism is shown in Fig. 4, where B refers to the base employed. 

Stability of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- >-dioxin Towards Air Oxidation Under Simulated Conditions. Air was bubbled through two borosilicate glass gas absorption bottles equipped with fritted glass bubblers. The first bottle contained 1-octanol for presaturation of the air, and the second bottle contained 1-octanol solutions of the dioxin treated as follows (1) octanol only, (2) octanol mixed with 74-105ju, glass beads to increase the surface area, and (3) octanol mixed with magnesium oxide to simulate a basic soil. The original solution and the sample solutions were scanned with a UV spectrophotometer at various time intervals for 4 days to determine the stability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 

FIG. 4 Electrical potential oscillation across the octanol membrane of an octanol solution containing 5mM tetrabutylammonium chloride comprising two aqueous solutions, one containing 8mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 5M ethanol. (Ref 19.)... 

With application of positive current, the entire potential shifted to much more negative values and with positive current, to more negative values. These shifts should be the result of ohmic drop induced by electrical resistance of the octanol solution. 

The blue satellite peak associated with resonance line of rubidium (Rb) saturated with a noble gas was closely examined by Lepoint-Mullie et al. [10] They observed SL from RbCl aqueous solution and from a 1-octanol solution of rubidium 1-octanolate saturated with argon or krypton at a frequency of 20 kHz. Figure 13.4 shows the comparison of the SL spectra of the satellite peaks of Rb-Ar and Rb-Kr in water (Fig. 13.4b) and in 1-octanol (Fig. 13.4c) with the gas-phase fluorescence spectra (Fig. 13.4a) associated with the B —> X transition of Rb-Ar and Rb-Kr van der Waals molecules. The positions of the blue satellite peaks obtained in SL experiments, as indicated by arrows, exactly correspond to those obtained in the gas-phase fluorescence experiments. Lepoint-Mullie et al. attributed the blue satellites to B — X transitions of alkali-metal/rare-gas van der Waals species, which suggested that alkali-metal atom emission occurs inside cavitating bubbles. They estimated the intracavity relative density to be 18 from the shift of the resonance line by a similar procedure to that adopted by Sehgal et al. [14],... 

Fig. 13.4 Rubidium line spectra obtained by gas-phase fluorescence (a). Sonoluminescence spectra from RbCl aqueous solution saturated with Ar and Kr (b) and from 1-octanol solution of rubidium 1-octanolate (c). The numbers indicated in the figures correspond to the difference in wave number k in gas-phase fluorescence experiments, where k0 is the reference attributed to the maximum intensity of the blue line [10] (Reprinted from Elsevior. With permission)...

The prevailing extraction-chromatographic method for 90Sr separation entails the use of Sr-Resin.116"119 This material is prepared by impregnating a porous polymer with a 1-octanol solution of the crown ether 4,4 (5 )-bis(t-butylcyclohexano)-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6). This material will extract and retain Sr from 2-8 M HN03 solutions, while most of the matrix constituents are not retained and are removed with a column wash. The separated Sr is released by elution with water or weak nitric acid. The extraction equilibrium is shown in Equation 9.2, where the bar above a species indicates that it is immobilized on the resin.4... 

The octanol-air partition coefficient was calculated initially as the quotient of the octanol-water coefficient (Kow) and air-water partition coefficient (KAW) (Paterson et al., 1991a). Recently, direct measurements obtained by passing purified air over an octanol solution of the chemical have become available (Harner and Mackay, 1995 Harner and Bidleman, 1996 Harner and Bidleman, 1997 Komp and McLachlan, 1997a), and an interpolation method based on GC retention times has been proposed (Zhang et al., 1999). The measurements indicate that the calculated values may underestimate the true KqA values. It has been postulated that this is because the octanol-water partition coefficient does not represent partitioning between pure octanol and pure water, but rather between octanol saturated with water and water saturated with octanol (Hamer and Mackay, 1995). 

In a typical partitioning experiment, 0.12 to 0.15 gram of the TFMS compound was dissolved in 50 ml of 1-octanol to a final concentration of from 5 X 10"3M to 1.3 X 10 2M. The octanol solution of TFMS compound was partitioned against an equal volume of pH 1.0 water by agitating for at least an hour on a mechanical shaker. The mixture was then allowed to stand until the octanol and water layers separated. The aqueous layer was removed, centrifuged to remove any cloudiness, and analyzed by ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of TFMS compound partitioned into the aqueous phase. The concentration of the TFMS compound remaining in the octanol phase was calculated by difference. 

Liquid-liquid extraction is carried out in a 10 mL centrifuge tube, where 1 g of sodium chloride, 0.1 mL of 2-octanol solution as internal standard (230 ppm in 50% v/v hydroalcoholic solution) and 50 xL of Freon 113 are added to 5 mL of the wine sample (Rapp et al., 1994). The solution is stirred for 15 min and then centrifuged. A volume of 2 p,L of the Freon 113 extract is analysed by GC. An exhaustive presentation of this method, applying also a fully automated system with a large volume injection, was performed by Rapp et al. (1996). 

The headspace (HS) SPME analysis can be performed by means of a 100 pan PDMS fiber (Carlin, 1998). Sodium chloride (0.9 g) and 8 pT 2-octanol solution as internal standard (230 ppm) are added to 4mL of wine in a 10 mL vial this is stirred (1500 rpm) for 10 min in a water-bath at 30 °C to stabilize the conditions of the solution then the fiber is placed in the sample headspace. After stirring for 40 min, the fiber is taken out and inserted into the injection port of the GC to perform gas chromatographic analysis. 

Kow Octanol-water partition coefficient the ratio of concentration of a substance in octanol solution to that in water solution when the two are in equilibrium. Usually reported as the base 10 logarithm, log.K ow... 

Table III Degree of dissociation of alkali metal ions on the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid in water satured octanol solutions (a (a = o) = 2.04x10 )...

Figure 7. Upper curves show equivalent conductances of the polymer in the organic phase against the root square of polymer concentration at a = 9%, Na" " (X), K (o), Cs (A), polymer in the acid form ( a = 0) (+). Bottom curves show equivalent conductances of NaCl (X), KCl (o), CsCl (A) in water-saturated octanol solutions against the root square of electrolyte molarity.

The most extensively studied PIL is definitely ethylammonium nitrate (BAN). The interest in this salt has been largely driven by its many similarities in properties and behavior to water. These are discussed below, along with the behavior of surfactants in BAN—water solutions and the critical behavior of binary BAN and n-octanol solutions. The nse of a greater range of PILs as self-assembly media is discussed in section 5. 

MUR Muraoka, Y., Inagaki, H., and Suzuki, H., Upper and lower critical solution temperatures in 1-octanol solutions of polyethylene, Br. Polym. J., 15,110,1983. 

Sassi, P., Paolantoni, M., Cataliotti, R. S., Palombo, F., and Morresi, A. (2004). Water/alcohol mixtures A spectroscopic study of the water-saturated 1-octanol solution. J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 19557-19565. 

Mostly monolamellar and some multilamellar square crystals were observed by Kopp et al. [204] in their investigation on the phase II to phase I crystal transformation. The samples were obtained by slow evaporation of a hot octanol solution. Dark-field pictures further reveal the fine structure of the domains that appear to be striated. These striations mostly with the same orientation corresponded to the transformed domains from form II to form I. 

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