Variation factors

Line shifts as a function of pressure have been studied for pentacene and terrylene in /i-teriDhenyl [98, 99]. Botli exhibited linear and reversible spectral red shifts witli increasing pressure. Modest variations (factors of 1.3-1.6) in tlie pressure shifts among molecules were attributed to slightly different local environments. 

TABLE 2 Voltage Variation Factor /S as a Function of Tension (a) for the Uniform Membrane, and with Undulation Included in both Local (L) and Nonlocal (NL) Approximations, for Soft/ Rigid Membranes in the Metallic Approximation, Eq. (66)... 

The relative magnetization-variation factor v = (M ax - min)/A/inax is related to the fact that if the magnetization did not vary with respect to x, we could never determine R, no matter how large p and p might be. The reason why we consider this factor independently of p is that, theoretically, it depends only on the pulser sequence type and, in pre-polarized sequences, on the ratio % = M IMp = B jBp. For example, one can easily verify that for the basic non-polarized and pre-polarized sequences v p = 1 and... 

The method employed to evaluate the stability is to use a freshly prepared gas mixture as the calibration gas, and, by means of single-point calibration or linear regression method, determine the Xi (mole fraction of component i) at certain intervals. Then we can figure out the variation factor( expressed in RSD). If the variation factor is within a specific limit, the PRMs are proved stable. 

Bioassays applied to contaminated soil samples provide an overall toxicity measure that accounts for numerous site-specific variations. Factors that may lead to an enhanced or reduced toxicity are no longer a matter of estimation but are measured directly with the test system. 

Commercial essenlial oil composition variation factors adulteration, 153,1,55-159 climate, 139-146 experimental description. 138 geographic origin, 139-146 growth stage of harvested plant, 149,15l-152(,l54/... 

Spearmint oils, composition variation factors, 138-159 Spices... 

In experiments on the adhesion of a powder, HOPE modified by oil-soluble contact Cl containing salts of organic amines or sulfur acids with either carboxyl or hydroxyl groups has been used. The composition of HDPE - - Cl has been applied to a preliminary cleaned and degreased 100—pm-thick aluminum foil at a temperature of T = 155 5°C and a pressure of p = 7—10 MPa. The splices have then been subjected to thermal treatment in an oven at 200° C for one hour, which corresponded to the maximum strength of the adhesive joints. The strength has been estimated by delamination tests under a constant deformation rate. Not less than 20 samples were tested in each point to show 10-30% variation factor at a confidence interval of 0.95. 

Sample number Combinations of bonded materials Sample size n Mean strength, M, (MPa) Variation factor, Ob (%) Mean square deviation of OB Dispersion ofo- ... 

Fig. 4. PCA breaks apart the spectral data into the most common spectral variations (factors, eigenvectors, and loadings) and the corresponding scaling coefficients (scores).

Many of these methods use PCA as a spectral data compression technique. As discussed in Chapter 4, PCA produces a reduced representation of the training set spectra based on the variations between the samples (refer to Chapter 4, Eigenvector Quantitation Methods section). Remember that PCA decomposes a set of spectra into their most common variations (factors) and produces a small set of well-defined numbers (scores) for each sample that represent the amount of each variation present in the spectrum. Similar to using the scores for creating a quantitative calibration equation, they can also be used for discrimination because they provide an accurate description of the entire set of training spectra. However, many of the methods listed previously utilize only the first few significant factors for discrimination. In many cases, only the first two factors are used. Thus,... 

The goal in this part of our effort is to correct spectra for wavelength-dependent sensitivity variations. Factors that might distort the shape of Raman spectra include transmission of... 

At the top of the column the liquid flow is unequally distributed o %r, for example of three column sections as a reflux. The influence of unequal distribution on the mass transfer efficiency can be characterized ly the variation factor of liquid flow rate Sg = AL / L g, that typifies a characteristic relative deviation from the mean lujuid load. The find section receives the liquid flow rate L j =(l—Sg)L g/3. Because cross-mixing may occur between the... 

Before the nominal reflux ratio Lmi/V reaches the minimum reflux ratio, a critical operation comes about. This occurs when the column section with the smaller LJV flow ratio reaches the equilibrium curve. In this point the driving force becomes zero and this column section consequently loses its mass transfer efficiency. This loss cannot be compensated by the column sections with higher LJV flow ratio. This results in the fact that the mass transfer efficiency of the rectifiemtion column generally decreases with increasing the variation factor Sg and declining the reflux ratio. 

Lact. plantamm and other Lactobacillus Streptococcus, Ent faecium (20 strains) in vitro ester synthesis by cell extracts from triglycerides plus ethanol (alcoholysis) and fatty acid plus ethanol (esterification) alcoholysis higher activity in Ent. faecium compared to Lact, with great strain-to-strain variations (factors of 7 and 30 within strains of Ent. faecium and Lact. plantarum, respectively) esterification most strains active great intraspedes variability (factes of 60 and 20 within strains of Ent faecium and Lact. plantamm, respectively) (Uuetal. 1998,2003 Abeijon Mukdsi et al. 2009)... 

VII. TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES OF BOTTLENECK LOCATIONS AND VARIATIONAL-FACTORS FOR QUANTIZED THREE-DIMENSIONAL REACTIONS HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTIONS... 

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