Satellite experiments

This refrigerator has been tested in a balloon experiment [42] and will be used in the Plank satellite experiment [43],... 

At the sites of Injection of oxime in the rabbits, various extents of hemorrhage and of purulent, indurative myositis and muscle necrosis were seen. The rabbits that received physiologic saline and five that received intramuscular injections of 2.15 M sodium chloride on 8 d in a satellite experiment had waxy degeneration of muscle at the site of injection. Five rabbits that received intramuscular injections of 2.15 M I on 8 d also had waxy degeneration of muscle at the site of injection. This was stated to be more extensive than that seen in the rabbits given equimolar sodium chloride. No other lesions in the rabbits that seem to be attributable to the oximes were described. 

A pioneer in rocket and satellite technology, Singer devised the basic instrument for measuring stratospheric ozone, was the principal investigator on a satellite experiment retrieved by the space shuttle in 1990, and was the first scientist to predict that population growth would increase atmospheric methane—an important greenhouse gas. 

Detailed chemical models of the thermosphere have been produced by Oppenheimer et al.29 based on the satellite observations, which include estimated rate coefficients for several excited ion reactions. Much of the ionic reaction rate data derived from the AE satellite experiments has recently been reviewed by Ton and Torr36, ... 

Reinsel G., Tiao G.C., Lewis R. and Bobkoski M., Analysis of upper stratospheric ozone profile data from the ground-based umkehr method and the Nimbus-4 BUV satellite experiment. J. Geophys. Res. , 88, 5393-5402 (1983). 

List of the spectrometers developed by the authors for rocket, balloon, and satellite experiments. 

Since we have to transmit a large amount of spectral data exactly and quickly in rocket, balloon, and satellite experiments, a digital data transmission method is indispensable. For example, in the spectra shown in Figure 14, which were transmitted by an FM analog telemetry, there is noise which is associated with element-to-element sensitivity radiations. If the sensitivity of each element is measured before the experiment, correction factors, for these variations, can be made and therefore correct the raw spectral data transmitted by the PCM telemetry. However, exact correction for spectra transmitted by the analog telemetry (see Figure 14) is impossible, since these rapid variations are filtered to some extent, i.e., high frequency components are lost. 

Figure 5.21. Distribution of water vapor observed by the LIMS satellite experiment. From Gille and Russell (1984).

Another environmental issue important to low earth orbit materials is atomic erosion. At an altitude of 300 km, absorption of solar radiation produces atmospheric temperatures of 1150°C, and at these temperatures gas molecules decompose. Erosion of surface materials by oxygen atoms or nitrogen—oxygen radicals is a serious issue for low altitude orbiting satellites. Experiments conducted on early shuttle flights determined that organic materials that would normally be found on a heatshield erode more rapidly than metallic ones (15). Thus, the effects of atomic erosion must be considered for any vehicle that is subject to long term exposure at low earth altitudes. 

D. Marzi, Usage of composite materials for commercial and scientific satellites experience at Alenia Aerospazio, in Proc. 8th European Conf. on Composite Materials, I. Crivelli-Visconti, ed., Woodhead Pub. Ltd., Abington-Cambridge, UK, Vol. 1,261-266, (1998). 

If a spacecraft or a satellite experiences a dark period, the mode-select circuits will turn on the boost regulator and the charge regulator, allowing for the minimum battery discharge that is needed to satisfy the power requirements during the spacecraft s dark period. The boost regulator and the mode-select circuits play... 

Brief studies conducted by the author indicate that the geostationary satellite experiences 90 eclipses during one year on the station with a maximum eclipse duration of 72 minutes per day. This leads to a relatively low number of charge-discharge... 

Group Achievement Award (to HALOE Science Data Validation, Data Processing, and Flight Operations Team) for outstanding contributions to the success of the HALOE/UARS satellite experiment by NASA Langley Research Center... 

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