Saponaria officinalis

The first soaps were probably the saps of plants such as Chloro-galum pomeridianum, the roots of which can be crushed in water to form a lather. Other plants, such as soapbark (Quillaja saponaria), soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi), and soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) also contain the same main ingredient, a compound called saponin, which forms the foamy lather. 

HENRY, M., RAHIER, A., TATON, M., Effect of gypsogenin 3,0-glucuronide pretreatment of Gypsophila paniculata and Saponaria officinalis cell suspension cultures on the activities of microsomal 2,3-oxidosqualene cycloartenol and amyrin cyclases, Phytochemistry, 1992,31,3855-3859. 

Cell suspension cultures of Gypsophila paniculata and Saponaria officinalis produce very closely related triterpenoid saponins. Pretreatment of cell suspension cultures of G. paniculata with gypsogenin 3,0-glucuxonide (a triterpenoid saponin precursor in G. paniculata) followed by administration of [ C] acetate resulted in a marked reduction in incorporation of radioactivity into saponins and their precursors, but not into sterols and steryl glycosides [26]. Measurements of OSC activities revealed that there was no effect of elicitor treatment on CS levels in either species, but in G. paniculata AS levels went down while in S. officinalis they increased. This suggests that in these two species OSCs are regulating steps in the isoprenoid pathway and control the flux to sterols and triter-penes. 

Saponaria officinalis L. S. vaccaria L. (Syn. Vaccaria segetalis) Wang Bu Liu Xing (Cow herb) (seed, root) Saponarin.65 This herb is contraindicated in pregnancy. For abscesses, furuncles, ulcers, scabies, mastitis, lymphangitis. Root is used to treat syphilis, glandular and chronic skin disease. 

Saponaria officinalis L., S. vaccaria L., Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke Cassia torn L., C. occidentalis L. 

Hibiscus chinensis, H. syriacus, H. trionum, H. rhombifolius, Saponaria officinalis, S. vaccaria Uraria crinita, U. lagopodiodes... 

P. multiflorum, P. biflorum, Prunella vulgaris, Ranunculus ficaria, Saponaria officinalis, Solidago virgaurea, S. canadensis, Thymus vulgaris, capitatus, T. citriodorus, T praecox, T pulegiodes,... 

Nature utilizes surfactants for a variety of additional roles. A natural surfactant, using a strict definition, is a surfactant taken directly from a natural source (isolated by a separation procedure from either a plant or an animal origin).42 Lecithin, obtained either from soybean or from egg yolk, is probably the best example of a truly natural surfactant. Other natural originated surfactants are the various soap-like surfactants for the removal of fatty/oily substances. These compounds produce a rich lather when dispersed into water and are found in various natural systems (such as chestnuts, in leaves and seeds of Saponaria Officinalis (soapwort), in the bark of the South American soaptree Quillaja saponaria Molina and in the fruits of Acacia Auriculiformis (Figure 7.2) 43,44... 

Saponaria Saporin-L 1 Saponaria officinalis PAG (rRNA, DNA, poly A)... 

Saponaria Saporin-R3 Saponaria officinalis RAG (28S rRNA) PSI (RRL, insect,... 

From a mechanistic aspect, the RIPs GAP 31 (from Gdonium multiflorum) [77], luffin (from Luffa cylindrica) and saporin (from Saponaria officinalis) [78] were reported to inhibit the HIV-1 integrase protein. 

Salmon calcitonin 477 Salmonella typhimurium 1011, 1625 Sandoparin 454, 458 Sandostatin 478 Sandostatin EAR 478 Sanitation era 103 Sapecin B 1434 Saponaria officinalis 484 Sargramostim 472 Satin/APOE system 78 SCA8 220 Schizophrenia... 

Jia Z, Koike K, Nikaido T (1999) Saponarioside C, the First a-D-Galactose Containing Triterpenoid Saponin, and Five Related Compounds from Saponaria officinalis. J Nat Prod 62 449... 

S. rubrae radix Red soapwood root Saponaria officinalis L. Caryophyllaceae... 

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