Ternary salt

A method has been developed for calculating equilibrium vapor compositions, based on boiling point vs. liquid composition data, for systems saturated with a salt. Such ternary systems in effect have been treated as binaries (26) in which the standard state of each of the two liquid components is that of being saturated with salt instead of being pure and with the pure-component vapor pressures being so adjusted. For example, in the ethanol-water-salt ternary systems tested, they have been considered as binaries composed of water saturated with salt as one component and ethanol saturated with salt as the other component. In the testing to which it has been subjected so far, the method seems encouraging. 

Substances of this kind are called binary electrolytes. For dibasic acids and their alkali salts (ternary electrolytes), we have w = 3, and therefore... 

MOH Mohsen-Nia, M., Rasa, H., and Modarress, H., Cloud-point measurements for water + poly(ethylene glycol) + salt ternary mixtures by refractometiy method, J. Chem. 

The salts had a high electrical conductivity, and it was claimed that the values of the molar conductances at infinite dilution showed the formation of a binary and ternary electrolyte respectively. 

A second alkylation may follow converting the secondary amine to a tertiary amine Alkylation need not stop there the tertiary amine may itself be alkylated giving a qua ternary ammonium salt... 

Ternary compounds are also named by citing the more electropositive constituent first. The various oxidation states of the more electropositive element are designated by a system of prefixes and terminations added to a stem characteristic of the element, except in the case of coordination compounds (qv). Examples are as follows (see Chlorine oxygen acids and salts) ... 

The earliest mention of an ammonium carbonate, salt of hartshorn, appears in English manuscripts of the 14th century. As the name implies, the material was obtained by dry distillation of animal waste such as horn, leather, and hooves. Although many salts have been described in the Hterature for the ternary NH —CO2—H2O system, most, except for ammonium bicarbonate [1066-33-7], NH HCO, ammonium carbonate [506-87-6], (NH 2 02, and ammonium carbamate [1111-78-0], NH4CO2NH2, are mixtures (5,6). 

The preceding section described the preparation of enamines by mercuric acetate oxidation of tertiary amines. The initial product in these oxidations is the ternary iminium salt, which is converted to the enamine or mixture of enamines by reaetion with base. Thus iminium salts synthesized by methods other than the oxidation of tertiary amines or the protonation of enamines are potential enamine sources. 

Ternary imiiiium salts have been prepared by cleavage of a covalent C—Y bond in a... 

Ternary iminium complex salts can be prepared by direct combination of an aldehyde or ketone with a secondary amine complex salt (95). An adaptation of this procedure employing the perchlorate salts of secondary amines provides a simple method for the preparation of the readily crystallized and nonhydroscopic ternary iminium perchlorates (96), Eq. (10). 

Thermal stability increases with increasing atomic weight, as expected. Nitrates have been widely used as molten salt baths and heat transfer media, e.g. the 1 1 mixture LiNOs. KNOs melts at 125 C and the ternary mixture of 40% NaN02, 7% NaNOs and 53% KNO3 can be used from its mp 142 up to about 600 C. 

The key intermediate 21 is in principle accessible in any of several ways. Thus reaction of thiophenecarbox-aldehyde with amninoacetal would lead to the Schiff base 20 treatment with acid would result in formation of the fused thiophene-pyridine ring (21). Alkylation of that intermediate with benzyl chloride gives the corresponding ternary imini urn salt 23. Treatment with sodium borohydride leads to reduction of the quinolinium ring and thus formation of ticlopidine (24). ... 

The search for a suitable electrolyte requires comprehensive studies. It is necessary to measure the conductivities of electrolytes with various solvents, solvent mixtures, and anions over the accessible concentration range of the salts, and to cover a sufficiently large temperature range and the whole composition range of the binary (or ternary) solvent mixture. Figure 11 shows, as an example, the conductivity plot of LiAsF6/GBL as a function of temperature and molality. 

A methylenciminium salts derived from formaldehyde B ternary iminium salts derived from aldehydes C quaternary iminium salts derived from ketones... 

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