Salt distillation

It is a dibasic acid, and forms stable metallic salts. Distillation with soda lime gives benzene. Readily dehydrated to phthalic anhydride. Its reactions are similar to phthalic anhydride in which form it is almost invariably used. 

To purify commercial diethyl carbonate wash 100 ml. of the compound with 20 ml. of 10 per cent, sodium carbonate solution, then with 20 ml. of saturated calcium chloride solution, and finally with 30 ml. of water. Dry the ester by allowing it to stand for 2 hours over 5 g. of anhydrous calcium chloride (prolonged contact results in combination of the ester with the salt), distil and collect pure diethyl carbonate at 125-126°. 

Molten Salt Distillation. Hafnium tetrachloride is slightly more volatile than zirconium tetrachloride, but a separation process based on this volatility difference is impractical at atmospheric pressures because only soHd and vapor phases exist. The triple point for these systems is at about 2.7 MPa (400 psia) and 400°C so that separation of the Hquids by distillation would necessarily require a massive pressurized system (13). 

Extractive distillation and. salt distillation. Methods that primarily modify liquid-phase behavior to alter the relative volatility of the components of the mixture. 

Sulphate SO4 Increased solid content Combines with Ca to form calcium sulfate salt Distillation Demineralization... 

A. Triethyl oxalylsuccinate. In a 2-1. three-necked flask equipped with a sealed stirrer and a reflux condenser bearing a calcium chloride drying tube is placed 356 ml. (276 g., 6.00 moles) of anhydrous ethanol (Note 1). Sodium (23 g., 1.0 g. atom) is added in small portions at a rate sufficient to keep the ethanol boiling. External heating is required to dissolve the last portions of the metal. After all the sodium has dissolved, the excess ethanol is removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure as the mixture becomes pasty, dry toluene is added in sufficient amounts to permit stirring and to prevent splattering of the salt. Distillation and addition of toluene is continued until all the ethanol is removed and the contents of the flask reach a temperature of 105° (Note 2). The sodium ethoxide slurry is cooled to room temperature and 650 ml. of anhydrous ether is added, followed by 146 g. (1.00 mole of diethyl oxalate. To the yellow solution there is added 174 g. (1.00 mole) of diethyl succinate, and the mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for at least 12 hours. 

Molten salt distillation, of hafnium, 13 84 Molten salt extraction (MSE) process, 19 677... 

Salt distillation, of hafnium, 73 84 Salt domes, 22 798 Salt-dome sulfur deposits, 23 569 Salt effect distillation, 8 816—817 Salt flats, 5 786 Salt-fog unit, 78 72 Salt formation(s), 22 798 amino acids, 2 570 ammonia, 2 685—686 carboxylic acids, 5 40—41 citric acid, 6 637 cycloaliphatic amines, 2 501 fatty amines, 2 522 Salt industry... 

Disodium Arsenate Heptahydrate Disodium Ethylenebis (Dithiocarbamate) Disodium Methanearsonate Disodium Methyl Arsonate Disodium Nitrilotriacetate Distillate Flashed Feed Stocks Distillate Straight Run Disulfatozirconic Acid Dithane Sodium Arsenate Nabarn Methanearsonic Acid, Sodium Salts Medianearsonic Acid, Sodium Salts Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Salts Distillate Flashed Feed Stocks Distillate Straight Run Zirconium Sulfate Nabam... 

The formula of carbon dioxide is C02, that of carbon disulphide CS2 and it is evident that an intermediate substance should exist of the formula COS. This substance is carbon oxysulphide. It is a gas, prepared by heating thiocyanic acid, HSCN, the ammonium salt of il which is produced when ammonia is passed through a mixture of carbon disulphide and alcohol CS2 + 2NHg.Alc = H2S + (NH4) SCN.Alc. On evaporation of the alcohol the ammonium thiocyanate crystallises out. This salt, distilled with sulphuric acid, yields in passing the acid HSCN, which, on account of the high temperature, reacts with water, forming ammonia (which yields ammonium sulphate with the sulphuric acid) and carbon oxysulphide, COS HSCN + H20 = NHS + COS. 

HgC—CO—ONa the sodium salt, distilled with sulphuric acid, yields acetic acid. It is produced on a large scale by the distillation of wood the distillate consists mainly of... 

The chemistry of tuberculinic acid (the nucleic acid of the tubercle bacillus) was investigated by Brown and Johnson. The acid was purified by conversion to the copper salt. Distillation with hydrochloric acid yielded small amounts of furfural, indicating the presence of only a trace of pentose in the residue. Levulinic acid was identified, and it was thought on this evidence that the sugar associated with the acid was a hexose. Tuberculinic acid is unique in that it does not contain uracil, has a low pentose content and contains an unusual pyrimidine derivative. The tuberculinic acid was considered to be more nearly related to deoxyribonucleic acid than to ribonucleic acid. ... 

A method used in industry for ketonization of aliphatic acids is to pass the carboxylic acid vapors at about 300° over calcium, barium, or thorium oxide catalysts, and this is in principle also a calcium salt distillation. 

Figure 7.27 Separation of a binary mixtures by extractive distillation Salt distillation...

To prepare this salt, distilled Ca is heated with red P in a thoroughly evacuated combustion tube. The heating Is continued... 

This study demonstrated that liquid-liquid oxidative back-extraction is a very simple and fast process, based on a thermodynamic equilibrium and perfectly adapted to the pyrochemical reprocessing developed by the CEA Marcoule. With this study, the core of the process is now well defined and its feasibility is successfully demonstrated. In the near future, the main tasks will consist in demonstrating the feasibility of important head-end steps, that is actinide conversion, salt distillation, thermal treatment, in order to validate the complete process. 

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