Soda lime, distillation with

Soda lime, distillation with, 777 Sod mide, 195-197, 467, 845, 846, 895, 896, 898,899, 1008 small quantities of highly reactive, 197 Sodium, 143... 

On the basis of the above data it follows that cevine is hexacyclic or pentacyclic with a double bond. The available information concerning its structure has been obtained from experiments on selenium dehydrogenation, zinc-dust distillation, soda-lime distillation, and chromic acid oxidation. 

SODA-LIME DISTILLATION. The Volatile reaction products were also reduced catalytically with platinum in acetic acid and the following bases are worthy of mention ... 

The so-called cevine betaine, which is identical with desmethyl-cevine, obtained by reacting cevine methohalides with silver oxide, was also subjected to soda-lime distillation followed by catalytic reduction. The main product was a base, C9H19ON, which yielded a methiodide, CsHisON-CHjI, melting at 242-243°. The latter on treatment with silver oxide and methyl iodide afforded a methiodide, CioHjiON-CHjI, melting at 232-233° (18, 30). 

It is a dibasic acid, and forms stable metallic salts. Distillation with soda lime gives benzene. Readily dehydrated to phthalic anhydride. Its reactions are similar to phthalic anhydride in which form it is almost invariably used. 

Chill the concentrated solution of the amine hydrochloride in ice-water, and then cautiously with stirring add an excess of 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to liberate the amine. Pour the mixture into a separating-funnel, and rinse out the flask or basin with ether into the funnel. Extract the mixture twice with ether (2 X25 ml.). Dry the united ether extracts over flake or powdered sodium hydroxide, preferably overnight. Distil the dry filtered extract from an apparatus similar to that used for the oxime when the ether has been removed, distil the amine slowly under water-pump pressure, using a capillary tube having a soda-lime guard - tube to ensure that only dry air free from carbon dioxide passes through the liquid. Collect the amine, b.p. 59-61°/12 mm. at atmospheric pressure it has b.p. 163-164°. Yield, 18 g. 

An additional useful test is to distil the acid or its sodium salt with soda lime. Heat 0.5 g. of the acid or its sodium salt with 0 2 g. of soda lime in an ignition tube to make certain that there is no explosion. Then grind together 0-5 g. of the acid with 3 g. of soda hme, place the mixture in a Pyrex test-tube and cover it with an equal bulk of soda hme. Fit a wide dehvery tube dipping into an empty test-tube. Clamp the tube near the mouth. Heat the soda lime first and then the mixture gradually to a dull-red heat. Examine the product this may consist of aromatic hydrocarbons or derivatives, e.g., phenol from sahcyUc acid, anisole from anisic acid, toluene from toluic acid, etc. 

When distilled with soda lime (Section IV,175), nitriles yield some ammonia, but pass over, in part, unchanged. They are identified by the b.p. and by hydrolysis to, and characterisation of, the corresponding acid. 

In 1931 Ing pointed out that formula (II) and (III) do not contain methyl or potential methyl groups in j ositions 6 and 8 which they occupy in cytisoline. Further, a partially reduced quinoline ought to oxidise easily to a benzenecarboxylic acid and so far the only simple oxidation, products recorded from cytisine were ammonia, oxalic acid and isovaleric acid. Distillation of cytisine with zinc dust or soda-lime yields pyrrole and pyridine, but no quinoline. On these grounds Ing suggested that cytisine should be formulated without a quinoline nucleus, and that the reactions which indicate the presence of an aromatic nucleus in the alkaloid can be accounted for by an a-pyridone ring. This a-pyridone nucleus can... 

The first indication of the nature of the nuclear structure of yohimbine was seciu-ed by Barger and Field,(1915) who, by distilling the alkaloid with soda-lime, obtained a base, (m.p. 56° picrate, m.p. 157°),... 

Rings (C) and (D) account for the production of quinoline, when the tribasic acid, Ci H OgN, m.p.>350°, obtained by the oxidation of ergotinine with nitric acid, is distilled with soda-lime. ... 

From these and other experimental results Pinner and Schwarz suggested that pilocarpine could be represented by formula (V), and subsequently Jowett confirmed this by the preparation of a series of disubstituted glyoxalines from wopilocarpine by distillation with soda-lime, 1 although he pointed out that the reactions of the alkaloid were... 

The USP stipulates a test and limits for alkali extraction from container soda-lime glass (5). Specially prepared double-distilled water is used to extract the glass for one hour at 121 °C in a steam autoclave on a strict cycle program. An aliquot of the extract is then back titrated with... 

A 1-1. round-bottomed flask fitted with a reflux condenser bearing a soda-lime drying tube is successively charged with 100 ml. of anhydrous benzene, 36.6 g. (0.50 mole) of w-butylamine, and 63.7 g. (61 ml., 0.60 mole) of benzaldehyde (Note 1). The mixture is heated under reflux for 30 minutes (Note 2). The condenser is replaced by a Claisen distillation head, and the mixture is distilled until the temperature reaches 100° (Note 3). The residue, which is mostly N-benzylidenebutylamine, is cooled, and the distillation head is replaced by the reflux condenser bearing a soda-lime drying tube. 

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