Polysaccharides Salmonella typhimurium

We are greatly indebted to S. J. Angyal, J. E. Courtois, G. E. McCasland, M. Nakajima, and T. Postemak for gifts of the cyclohexanepentols mentioned, and to A. M. Staub and G. Bagdian who provided us with the polysaccharide material from Salmonella typhimurium. 

N. catarrhalis,560 N. perflava,559 Moraxella duplex and Micrococcus calco-aceticus,443 and Escherichia coli,420 Vicari and Kabat,45 in studies of blood-group oligosaccharides, and Hellerqvist and colleagues,53 in an examination of the common core-polysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium, have used similar methods. The examination of amino sugars as their peracetylated aminodeoxyalditols has also been used by Liideritz and colleagues72 to establish the occurrence of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose in Salmonella lipopolysaccharides, and has been extended to aminodeoxyheptoses by Williams and Perry.561... 

TABLE I. Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Calves Delayed Skin Reactivity with Specificity for O-Antigenic Polysaccharide Chain... 

D. C. Watson, J. B. Robbins, and S. C. Szu, Protection of mice against Salmonella typhimurium with an O-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine, Infect Immun., 60 (1992) 4679-4686. 

Figure 1. A schematic diagram illustrating a basic lipopolysaccharide molecule from Salmonella typhimurium with the polysaccharide and lipid regions. Also shown are core polysaccharide mutants (Ra through Re).

The repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide side-chains of the Salmonella typhimurium antigenic outer bacterial cell wall is as follows ... 

Lipopolysaccharides are considered to be composed of three segments, lipid A, the core polysaccharide and the antigenic side chains. The core polysaccharide, in turn, has an inner region (which is linked to lipid A) called the backbone sequence and an outer core to which the antigen chains are attached. The lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella typhimurium are the best known and they will be used here as examples. 

A number of conjugated deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates are known, although those knoum are less numerous than similar compounds of the ribose series. For example, dCDP-choline and dCDP-ethanolamine have been found in sea urchin eggs and in animal tissues, but their significance is unknown. Various thymidine diphosphate sugars (see Table l-I) have been isolated from bacterial cells these compounds ser e as coenzymes in the synthesis of polysaccharides in Salmonella typhimurium. 

The formation of lipid-linked sugars in vitro by Bacillus stearothermophilus. Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella jlexneri requires an unsaturated a-isoprenyl residue in a polyprenyl phosphate, in contrast to th- t in rat-liver microsomes which requires a saturated a-isoprenyl residue. o-Glucopyranosyl polyprenyl phosphate was formed on incubation of UDP-D-[ C]glucose with particulate preparations from B. stearothermophilus, and it may serve as a D-glucosyl donor in the synthesis of an extracellular polysaccharide. The properties of the membrane-associated sialyltransferase complexes of Escherichia coli have been examined. These complexes catalyse the incorporation of iV-acetylneuraminic... 

Figure 3.16 Structure of the Core Polysaccharides Produced by Rough Mutants (Ra to Re) of Salmonella typhimurium...

In rivers containing large numbers of bacteria, parasite vibrios of the genus Bdellovibrio are common. These monoflagellated vibrios attach to Gram-negative bacteria, penetrate the envelope and internally parasitise the host. Polysaccharide capsules appear to provide little protection to the host. However rough mutants of Salmonellae typhimurium and E. coli (i.e. 

An interesting aspect of the biosynthesis of the O-antigen polysaccharide is that different nucleotide triphosphates are the activating agents for each of the monosaccharide residues in the repeating unit. The reaction of UDP-Gal with bactoprenol phosphate is the first reaction in the process, followed by reactions with TDP-Rha, GDP-Man, and CDP-Abe as shown for the biosynthesis of Salmonella typhimurium O-antigen polysaccharide summarized in Fig. 10.12A. 

Mulford, C. A., and Osborn, M. J. (1983). An intermediate step in translocation of lipo-polysaccharide to the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 80, 1159-1163. 

Figure 4. Structures of the O-antigenic polysaccharide chains in Salmonella bacteria ofserogroup E and a synthetic trisaccharide gly coconjugate (O-antigen 3-specific). Results of ELISA and immunofluorescence (IFL) studies. Key m, S. anatum (03, 10) , S. senftenburg (01, 3, 19) , BSA a, S. typhimurium (04, 5,...

Olsthoom, M.M., Petersen, B.O., Duus, J., Haverkamp, J., Thomas-Oates, J.E., Bock, K., Holst, O. The structure of the linkage between the O-specific polysaccharide and the core region of the lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium revisited. Eur J Biochem 267 (2000) 2014-2027. 

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