Hybridization, definition

Herrington, C S, Bums, J, Graham, A. K., and McGee, JO D (1990) Discrimination of closely homologous HPV types by nonisotopic in situ hybridization definition and derivation of tissue Tms. Histochem J 22, 545-554... 

In most insects, pheromones are synthesized in specialized cells or tissues associated with the epidermis (Tillman et al., 1999). Biochemical analyses traced the localization of Scolytid pheromone accumulation to portions of the alimentary canal, particularly the hindgut (e.g. Borden et al., 1969 Byers, 1983), but the actual tissue source of pheromone components was unknown. Fortunately, the tight correlation of HMG-R gene expression with pheromone component biosynthesis meant that hybridization techniques could be used to map the location of pheromone biosynthesis. Northern blots provided the first maps, while in situ hybridizations definitively showed which tissues were elevating HMG-R mRNA in response to feeding or JH III treatment. As with endocrine regulation studies, the molecular and biochemical data complemented each other. 

Hybon 2011. See Glass Hybrid safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil Synonyms Carthamus tinctorius Carthamus tinctorius hybrid oil Carthamus tinctorius oil Hybrid safflower oil Safflower oil, hybrid Definition Oil derived from safflower seeds of a generic strain (hybrid safflower) which contains predominantly oleic acid triglyceride Properties Bland liq. insol. in water sol. in oil Uses Solubilizer, emollient, conditioner, gloss aid, solvent for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and in cooking oils... 

To resolve the problems associated with structured and unstructured grids, these fundamentally different approaches may be combined to generate mesh types which partially posses the properties of both categories. This gives rise to block-structured , overset and hybrid mesh types which under certain conditions may lead to more efficient simulations than the either class of purely structured or unstructured grids. Detailed discussions related to the properties of these classes of computational grid.s can be found in specialized textbooks (e.g, see Liseikin, 1999) and only brief definitions are given here. 

By definition, members of this group have a vicinal arrangement of their electron-deficient centers. They may be conveniently considered according to their atom composition and the hybridization state of any carbon atoms involved. 

Earlier in this section we made reference to the azo coupling of triphenylphos-phonium cyclopentadienylide (12.109). Makhailov et al. (1984) found that penta-methylcyclopentadiene (12.121) reacts with mono-, di-, and trinitrobenzenediazo-nium salts to give a mixture of 12.122 and 12.123, formed by arylazo substitutions at the sp3-hybridized carbon of the five-membered ring and at the methyl group attached to the same carbon atom, respectively. This is definitely not a classical azo coupling ... 

Figure 6.14c shows the electron backdonation interaction (electrons are transferred from the Fermi level of the metal to the hybridized 27t molecular orbital which was originally empty, thus this is, by definition, a backdonation interaction). 

Cyclopropane, C.H, is a hydrocarbon composed of a three-membered ring of carbon atoms, (a) Determine the hybridization of the carbon atoms, (b) Predict the CCC and HCH bond angles at each carbon atom on the basis of your answer to part (a), (c) What must the real CCC bond angles in cyclopropane be (d) What is the defining characteristic of a cr-bond compared with a ir-bond, for example (e) How do the C—C cr-bonds in cyclopropane extend the definition of conventional o-bonds (f) Draw a picture depicting the molecular orbitals to illustrate your answer. 

It is often asked whether or not the constituent structures of a resonating system, such as the Kekul4 structures for the benzene molecule, are to be considered as having reality. There is one sense in which this question may be answered in the affirmative but the answer is definitely negative if the usual chemical significance is attributed to the structures. A substance showing resonance between two or more valence-bond structures does not contain molecules with the configurations and properties usually associated with these structures. The constituent structures of the resonance hybrid do not have reality in this sense. 

Rinard dedicated his research to a detailed analysis of methodological aspects of a micro-reactor plant concept which he also termed mini-plant production [85] (see also [4, 9, 10] for a commented, short description). Important criteria in this concept are JIT (Just-in-time) production, zero holdup, inherent safety, modularity and the KISS (keep it simple, stupid) principle. Based on this conceptual definition, Rinard describes different phases in plant development. Essential for his entire work is the pragmatic way of finding process solutions, truly of hybrid character ]149] (miniaturization only where really needed). Recent investigations are concerned with the scalability of hybrid micro-reactor plants and the limits thereof ]149], Expliddy he recommends jointly using micro- and meso-scale components. 

Definition of integrated systems is more complex extension of chemical, biological and physical sensors. We can define integrated systems as optical or electrical (or hybride) measurement devices that exploit physical... 

Lanthanide ions offer several salient properties that make them especially attractive as qubit candidates (i) their magnetic states provide proper definitions of the qubit basis (ii) they show reasonably long coherence times (iii) important qubit parameters, such as the energy gap AE and the Rabi frequency 2R, can be chemically tuned by the design of the lanthanide co-ordination shell and (iv) the same molecular structure can be realized with many different lanthanide ions (e.g. with or without nuclear spin), thus providing further versatility for the design of spin qubits or hybrid spin registers. 

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