Safety management preliminary analysis

John Hood (1997), The Impact of Privatisation on the Management of Health and Safety A Preliminary Analysis, Journal of the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 23-37. 

In order to develop an actual tool for safety management it does not suffice to stop at the analysis stage of failure classification mentioned above. These classification results have to be translated into proposals for effective preventive and corrective action (see module 6 of the NMMS framework in Chapter 4). To fulfil this purpose a socalled Preliminary Classil icalion/Action Matrix is proposed below (see figure 5.3.),... 

During the concept phase, historical data and technical forecasts are developed as a base for a system hazard analysis. A Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) is conducted during this phase. At the gross level, a Risk Analysis (RA) is performed to ascertain the need for hazard control and to develop system-safety criteria. Safety management will be doing the initial work on the System Safety Program Plan (SSPP). Three basic questions must be answered by the time the concept phase is completed ... 

In the previous chapter, it was established that in industry, plant hazards can cause harm to property (plant—machinery, asset), people, or the environment. So, it is important to develop some means of analyzing these and come up with a solution. Unfortunately, it is not as straightforward as it sounds. There are plenty of plant hazard analysis (PHA) techniques and each of them has certain strengths and weaknesses. Also each specific plant and associated hazard has specific requirements to be matched so that hazard analysis will be effective. In this chapter, various hazards (in generic terms) will be examined to judge their importance, conditions, quality, etc. so that out of so many techniques available for PHA it is possible to select which one is better (not the best because that needs to be done by experts specifically for the concerned plant) suited for the type of plant. So, discussion will be more toward evaluation of PHA techniques. Some PHA is more suited for process safety management (PSM) and is sometimes more applicable for internal fault effects [e.g., hazard and operability study (HAZOP)]. In contrast, hazard identification (HAZID) is applicable for other plants, especially for the identification of external effects and maj or incidents. HAZID is also covered in this chapter. As a continuation of the same discussion, it will be better to look at various aspects of risk analysis with preliminary ideas already developed in the previous chapter. In risk analysis risk assessment, control measures for safety management systems (SMSs) will be discussed to complete the topic. 

The initials THA" aie used in previous CCPS Guidelines for die Preliminary Hazard Analysis technique. In OSHA s Process Safety Management rule (29CFR1910.119), tfiey refer to the general topic of Process Hazard Analysis. 

A qualitative safety review methodology, primarily utilized in project management, to identify hazards in activities or systems, their probability of occurrence, and determine if protection measures are adequate. It is similar to a lob Safety Analysis. It is sometimes called a Danger Analysis, Safety Verification, or Preliminary Danger Analysis. 

PHL analysis is both a system safety analysis Type and Technique for identifying and listing potential hazards and mishaps that may exist in a system. The PHL is performed during conceptual or preliminary design, and is the starting point for all subsequent HAs. Once a hazard is identified in the PHL, the hazard will be used to launch in-depth HAs and evaluations, as more system design details become available. The PHL is a means for management to focus on hazardous areas that may require more resources to eliminate the hazard or control risk to an acceptable level. Every hazard identified on the PHL will be analyzed with more detailed analysis techniques. The primary output from the PHL is a list of hazards and the hazard sources that spawn them. It is also... 

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