Safety development over time

When related to the number of kilometers travelled, a motorcyclist is, depending on the country, between 9 and 30 times more likely to be killed in a traffic crash than a car driver (see Table 7.2). 

On average, in OECD countries, PTW riders and passengers count for 16.5% of all road fatalities, while only representing 8% of the fleet. PTWs are clearly overrepresented in road traffic casualties. The situation in developing countries is drastically worse. In total, 90% of global deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. 

In many countries, the average age of motorcyclists killed has increased. In Europe, the number of motorcyclists killed in the 40-60 years age group has doubled in 10 years [YAN 10, NHT 12], The fatality rates for moped riders aged 15-19 and motorcycle riders aged 20-30 are notably high. It appears that being 

A large majority of PTW crashes are single vehicle crashes occurring on rural roads 25% of all PTW crashes in Italy, 38% in Greece and 44% in Finland and Sweden [2BE 10], Almost one-third of all PTW fatalities occur at junctions - a proportion notably higher compared to other road users (ACEM 2006, [YAN 10]). This stresses the importance of taking specific counter measures for junction safety improvement for PTWs. 

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Figure 3.7 Road safety development over time for developing countries (Haight, 1983)...

The biotech companies are populated with people who are convinced about their own products (in most cases rightly so), since they know precisely about safety standards and regulatory processes. So far so good, but these people live in a world of euphemisms and perfection, and they develop over time a lack of understanding of criticism from outside. 

Having set the fundamental definitions in the field of safety research, this Section discusses how the determination of safety indicators developed over time, and why it is still possible for accidents to happen in the chemical process industry. 

About 20% of new drugs wiU fail because of safety concerns. Nevertheless, with a clinical development programme involving an average of about 4500 patients (see below), the potential prescriber of a new drug is faced with the absence of a large amount of safety data. The safety profile of a drug will develop over time as adverse reactions occur spontaneously in a normal... 

A culture of safety does not just appear. It develops over time as the organization matures and encourages all those within an organization to question aspects of their jobs and to establish open lines of communication. An effective safety culture is established and maintained through many of the following traits ... 

These internal shorts are not discernible at the point of manufacture but appear to develop over time. Typically, the failure occurs only after a significant service time in the field (e.g., more than 3 months) and may not occur for 1-3 years. Thus, fresh cells do not necessarily exhibit the conditirms that lead to a safety event. 

Under the current requirements a separate health and safety file is required for each project. The HSC believe that it would be more useful to have one file for each site, structure or, occasionally, group of structures - e.g. bridges along a road. The file can then be developed over time as information is added from different projects. 

Good safety net programs require investments in their administrative systems. Excessively high overheads are obviously undesirable—but so too are insufficient systems. Developing systems that allow programs to become their most effective and deliver the most value for the money will require some investment. An important part of that investment is development over time by self-critical and proactive managers. 

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