Safe separation

Provide safe separation distances for normal operation, maintenance, emergency egress, ergonomics... 

Ignition of flammable Provide safe separation distances release resulting in fire. Develop appropriate area electrical or explosion. classification Provide ignition source control Place ignition sources in positive pressure enclosure and buildings Provide adequate ventilation API RP500 BS 5345 BS 5958 NFPA-70 NFPA-77... 

Provide safe separation distances Install fixed fire protection and alarms, water sprays (deluge), and/or foam systems activated by flammable gas, flame, and/or smoke detection devices... 

The positive seals are positive in the sense that the process gas is completely controlled, and in most applications, can be designed to avoid the loss of any gas, if the process gas and the sealing fluid are compatible to permit safe separation. In any event, the gas taken from the process is orders of magnitude lower than is the case for the restrictive seal. The... 

The purpose of this program is to establish safe separation distances relative to explosive end-items and in-process materials, as well as critical and safe depths of bulk explosives on conveyors, hoppers, tubes, or other transfer lines. 

Safe separation studies were conducted to achieve increased production and cost effectiveness with improved safety. A typical ammunition production line flow diagram (in this case for the manufacture of 105 mm projectile) consists of several work areas as shown in Fig 8. ( (l) Receiving and storage, (2) Box open and inspect (3) Melt Pour (U) Cool (5) Hold (6) Funnel Pull and (T) Riser Preparation.) Explosive material is transferred by automatic conveyor between these work areas. The requirement was to establish safe separation between explosive boxes, pallets with and without funnels, buckets, and to determine critical height of continuous feed flake Comp B and TNT. The objective of these tests was to establish minimum nonpropagation distances between these items so that an explosion chain reaction will be prevented. 

The time and money invested in model parameter determination has to be in balance with the aim of a certain chromatographic separation. Very often, only sample products are needed for further studies with the pure substances and, to evaluate a separation process, only a few milligrams of the feed mixture are available. Additionally, time is an important factor and quick and dirty /short-cut methods will be applied to find conservative operating parameter values for a safe separation. A quite different situation is the design of commercial large-scale production plants. Here process economics come to the fore. Therefore, precise parameters are necessary for process optimization. As some parameters may change during operation, repeated determination may be necessary to reestablish optimal production. 

Local Exhaust Ventilation. Local exhaust ventilation is designed to intercept the flammable atmosphere at the source of release and directs it into a system where air is safely separated from the fuel. Correctly designed local exhaust ventilation systems could be very effective in limiting the spread of dust cloud atmospheres beyond the source of release. Local exhaust ventilation is generally less expensive to run than dilution ventilation because less air is used. 

Figure 2-E Flashblindness and Retinal Burn Safe Separation 2-22...

The fourth layer is the polymer membrane itself. The membrane is the elec-frolyte. Proton conductivity is its most important property besides the safe separation of the fuel in the anode compartment of the cell and the air in the cathode compartment. Chemical stability is achieved by using a fluorinated polymer... 

Some constraints on the two system components (ATC and TCAS) are closely related, such as the requirement to provide advisories that maintain safe separation between aircraft. This example of overlapping control raises important concerns about potential conflicts and coordination problems that need to be resolved. As noted in section 4.5, accidents often occur in the boundary areas between controllers and when multiple controllers control the same process. The inadequate resolution of the conflict between multiple controller responsibilities for aircraft separation contributed to the collision of two aircraft over the town of Uberlingen (Germany)... 

ATC must provide advisories that maintain safe separation between aircraft and terrain or physical obstacles... 

L5 If only one of two aircraft is TCAS equipped while the other has only ATCRBS altitude-reporting capability, the assurance of safe separation may be reduced HA-290). 

Pedestrians and vehicles must be able to circulate safely. Separation should be provided between vehicle and people at doors, gateways and common routes. Workplaces should have protection from vehicles. 

For instance, consider the effect of a new algorithm for ensuring the safe separation of aerial vehicles. How does this algorithm perform in the context of a large air traffic network in the presence of faults in various components and communication links And how might these same technology elements be apphcable to alternate missions such as search and rescue missions A related issue is the development of suitable high-level system missions and associated metrics for the quantifiable evaluation of performance. 

Crocker and Napier (1986) provide tables of thermal impact zones from common situations of tank roof and ground pool fires. From these tables, safe separation distances for people from pool fires can be estimated to be 3 to 5 pool diameters (based on a safe thermal impact of 4.7 kW/m ). 

To ensure that sources of ignition are safely separated from sources of combustible liquids and gases... 

Safe separation from the incoming mains supply by use of protection or isolation transformers is characteristic of a reliable DC power supply system and an effective protection measure (Figure 6.3). 

The acknowledged safe separation distances are detailed in Table 8.3. 

Member of trains which effect the safe separation between... 

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