Rutinosides

Chemical Neme 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1 -benzopyran-4-one-7-rutinoside... 

Several complexes of [Bu2Sn(IV)] with flavonoid glycosides 3-[6-0-(6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl)-(jS-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-H-l-benzopyran-4-one (rutin) and 2, 4, 3-trihydroxy-5, 4-dimetoxychalcone 4-rutinoside (hesperidin) and flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, morin, hesperitin, and other flavones) (Figure 5) were prepared. 

The effects of pH under model conditions (0.6 to 5.5 for 24 hr) were covered by Nielsen et al. for four anthocyanins (3-O-glucoside, glycosylated cyanidin, rutinoside, and delphinidin rutinoside). After 24 hr, over 90% of the anthocyanins were intact up to pH 3.3, while instabihty greatly increased at pH greater than 4.5. 

Wu, X., Cao, G., and Prior, R.L., Absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins in elderly women after consumption of elderberry or blueberry, J. Nutr, 132,1865, 2002. Matsumoto, H. et al.. Orally administered delphinidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside are directly absorbed in rats and humans and appear in the blood as the intact forms, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 1546, 2001. 

Cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside were degraded at 100°C in weak acidic solutions at pH range 1 to 4 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions." The degradation revealed that cyanidin 3-glucoside was more stable under both conditions." ... 

Adams, J.B. and Woodman, J.S., Thermal degradation of anthocyanins with particular reference to the 3-glucosides of cyanidin. 2 - Anaerobic degradation of cyanidin-3-rutinoside at 100°C and pH 3.0 in presence of sodium sulfite, J. Sci. Food Agric., 24, 763, 1973. 

The plant is known elaborate a series of quite unusual phenanthrene alkaloid derivatives, of which aristoliukine-C, aristofolin A and E, aristolochic acid-la methyl ester, and aristolochic acid. Other chemical constituents found in this plant are flavonoid glycosides such as kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3,4). Exposure to Aristolochiaceae family is associated with the development of cancer in humans. A significant advance is the toxicological effects of aristolochic acid has been provided by the work of Pezzuto et al. They showed that aristolochic acid is a mutagen... 

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