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Carbonization, wood

Serious science started in Russian empire in the middle of the XVIII century. The first known Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov obtained (in the I750sJ experimental data on the preservation of the mass of substances in chemical reactions. T.E. Lovits discovered adsorption from solutions he used wood carbon as an adsorbent. Among other scientists, Lovits detected compounds using characteristic forms of their crystals. V.M. Severgin published a book on analysis of mineral raw materials. [Pg.20]

Continuous production ol charcoal is typically performed in multiple hearth furnaces, as illustrated in the Herreshoff patent shown in Figure 2. Raw material is carried by a screw conveyor to the uppermost of a series of hearths, /kir is supplied counter-currently and burns some of the wood to supply process heat. As the layers of wood carbonize, they are transported to the lower (hotter) hearths by rakes. The hot charcoal product is discharged onto a conveyor belt and cooled with a water spray. [Pg.229]

CHEMICALS OBTAINED FROM WOOD CARBONIZATION AND DISTILLATION... [Pg.412]

Hori, M. (2007), Nuclear Carbonization and Gasification of Biomass for Removing Atmospheric C02 , Fifth Annual Meeting of the Wood Carbonization Research Society (WC RS), Japan, May (in Japanese). [Pg.97]

FIGURE 11 An edge-coated palladium-on-carbon catalyst. A, Photomicrograph of an irregularly shaped particle of wood carbon. B, Palladium map showing the palladium concentrated on or near the surface of the particle. C, Palladium line scan showing the distribution of the palladium at the edge of the carbon. [Pg.115]

Wood carbonization is a very well known process, nsed in the past for the prodnction of charcoal in primitive extractive metallnrgy. In this case, the volatile matter and the water are extracted from the wood, leaving solid charcoal. [Pg.251]

The place must not be windy, because the progress of the wood carbonization is known by the colour of the smoke generated from the oven, and this is often disturbed by a strong wind. [Pg.118]

C/min. These experiments show the considerable importance of moisture content regarding mass and energy flows the other characteristics are of secondary importance. The results lead to the development of a phenomenological modelling of mass and energy flows of the total volatile matter produced through wood carbonization in retort kilns, based on the logistic symmetric function. [Pg.1618]

The major fact resulting from the analysis of mass flow from wood carbonization is the general and considerable effect of moisture content on the process. The effect on the factor M of the symmetric logistic function (maximal mass of volatile matter produced at an infinite time) is expected the water present in wood is evaporated and constitutes a part of the volatile matter. It is thus natural to observe a factor M higher for wet wood samples (H37) than for anhydrous samples (HO). [Pg.1627]

The adjustment of the symmetric function to the energy flows from wood carbonization is an original and dynamic (and no more static) approach. The analysis of the symmetric logistic function demonstrates again the dramatic effect of water. As for mass flows, energy flows are delayed and slowed down for wet wood samples (H37). Water intervenes through the large quantities of heat it requires to he evaporated and eliminated from the solid matrix. [Pg.1628]

Moisture content of wood appears to be the most important physical parameter to take into account in wood carbonization. An increasing moisture content decreases the production of pyrolytic liquids and increases the production of non condensable gases by enhancing secondary reactions of pyrolysis inside the solid matrix. This effect is increased by the shape of wood samples wet blocks of 4 4 16 cm produce less pyrolytic liquids and more non condensable gases than other wood samples. However, moisture content does not influence the chemical composition of carbonization products. This confirms the fact that water present in wood acts physically and not chemically in the carbonization of wood at low temperature and heating rate. [Pg.1628]

Y, Schenkel (1999), Modelization of mass and energy flows from wood carbonization in retort kilns (PhD thesis in French). Gembloux (Belgium), Faculty Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, 328 p. [Pg.1632]

In order to determine this maximum mass yield of carbonization, we have conducted an experiment on beech wood carbonization. The results of this experiment... [Pg.1633]

Charcoal Wood Carbonization by kilns Well developed Low Country dependent 2-6b... [Pg.601]

Cellulose Models for Fonnaldehyde Storage in Wood Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies... [Pg.67]

In experiments with 8 species, lasting for 365 —800 days, 21-65% of the wood carbon was lost as carbon dioxide and 8—55% of the bark carbon (Allison, 1965). In some cases limited decomposition during the first two months was followed by marked decomposition later, suggesting that toxic substances may have been present that delayed biological attack initially. The addition of fertilizer nitrogen (see Table 21.Ill) usually increased carbon dioxide evolution markedly from the woods and barks that were decomposed... [Pg.429]

Tree species Wood carbon released as CO Bark carbon released as CO ... [Pg.430]

Feed Hydrogen/Wood Carbon Ratio Catalysts ... [Pg.352]

Ligno-cellulosic biomass is a resource from which liquid hydrocarbon fuels potentially may be derived. Pyrolyzing the wood yields gas and liquid products, but a relatively large percentage of the original wood carbon can be lost to a low value char by-product. Furthermore, like the model oxygenates described above, the EHI of the pyrolysis liquid products is substantially less than 1. [Pg.278]

Stated differently, without char gasification, only about 6% of the carbon in the wood could be upgraded to hydrocarbon products even if all the oxygenates produced by pyrolysis were recycled to extinction. Parallel upgrading of methanol derived from char gasification can increase this value to approximately 36%, i.e., about 6% from the pyrolysis liquids and 30% from methanol. Methanol co-processing boosts the percent of wood carbon transformed into... [Pg.286]

Although wood is the traditional material for hockey sticks, composites do provide a more durable stick with the ability to efficiently transfer energy and reduce player fatigue. The sticks can be produced as a single piece construction with combined shaft and blade, or a two-piece unit utilizing a separate shaft (cf a golf shaft). Carbon fiber is used in the more expensive sticks. Bending Branches produce a wood/carbon fiber stick. [Pg.1003]


See other pages where Carbonization, wood is mentioned: [Pg.385]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.197]    [Pg.94]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.383]    [Pg.483]    [Pg.1629]    [Pg.1633]    [Pg.894]    [Pg.1007]    [Pg.1008]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.527]    [Pg.434]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.483]    [Pg.907]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.412 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.251 , Pg.287 ]




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