Rotterdam Study

GELEIJNSE J M, LAUNER L J, HOFMAN A, POLS H A and wiTTEMAN J 0 (1999) Tea flavonoids may protect against atherosclerosis the Rotterdam study . Arch Intern Med, 159 (2), 2170-74. 

Klipstein-Grobusch, K. et al.. Dietary antioxidants and risk of myocardial infarction in the elderly the Rotterdam Study, Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 69, 261, 1999. 

Geleijnse JM, Launer LJ, Van Der Kuip DA, Hofman A and Witteman JC. 2002. Inverse association of tea and flavonoid intakes with incident myocardial infarction the Rotterdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr 75 880-886. 

Klipstein-Grobusch K, Launer LJ, Geleijnse JM, Boeing H, Hofman A and Witteman JCM. 2000. Serum carotenoids and atherosclerosis The Rotterdam Study. Atherosclerosis 148 49-56. 

Van Popele NM, Grobbee DE, Bots ML et al. Association between arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis the Rotterdam study. Stroke 32, 454-460, 2001. 

Tea is another important dietary source for flavonoids, In fact, about half of the flavonoid intake in western populations is derived from black tea. Tea was the major source of flavonoids in the Dutch [6,13] and Welsh studies [17]. Only a small number of studies investigated the association between tea consumption and cardiovascular disease risk. No association between tea consumption and cardiovascular disease risk were reported in Scottish men and women [28] and in U.S. men in the Health Professionals follow-up study [29]. However, in a Norwegian population an inverse association was reported between tea intake, serum cholesterol, and mortality from coronary heart disease [30]. Several studies reported that tea consumption did not affect plasma antioxidant activity [31] and hemostatic factors [32]. However, a recent prospective study (the Rotterdam study) of 3,454 men and women 55 years and older followed for 2 to 3 years, showed a significant, inverse association of tea intake with severe (> 5 cm the length of the calcified area) aortic atherosclerosis. Odds ratios decreased approximately 70 % for drinking more than 500 mL/day (4 cups per day). The associations were stronger in women than in men. However, the risk reductions for moderate and mild atherosclerosis were only weak or absent [33]. 

That not all dairy products have the same effect on disease risk has been shown in a study from Finland. In this study, reported cream intake was surprisingly inversely related to ischemic stroke, while intakes of other dairy products were not (Larsson et al., 2009). Further analyses in the Rotterdam study revealed that milk and milk products (all kinds of milk, yogurt, coffee creamer, custard, curd, pudding, porridge, and cream) were inversely related to hypertension during follow-up, while high-fat dairy products (above 3.5% fat) were not (Engberink et al., 2009). 

Generation R The Rotterdam Study into Growth, Development and Health Study will evaluate normal and abnormal growth and development and identify biologic, social, and environmental determinants (European Commission 2004). 

Bots ML, Looman S), Koudstaal Pj et al. (1996). Prevalence of stroke in the general population. The Rotterdam study. Stroke 27 1499-1501... 

Comparison between measures of atherosclerosis and risk of stroke the Rotterdam Study. Stroke 34 2367-2372... 

Bots ML, van Swieten JC, Breteler MMB et al (1993). Cerebral white matter lesions and atherosclerosis in the Rotterdam study. Lancet 341 1232-1237... 

Van Der Meer, I.M. et al., C-reactive protein predicts progression of atherosclerosis measured at various sites in the arterial tree the Rotterdam study. Stroke, 33, 2750, 2002. 

Nevertheless, at least six randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, intervention trials have assessed the effect of vitamin or micronutrient supplements on AMD risk. The consensus from these and other trials seems to suggest a positive response of the retina as well as improved visual performance from vitamin and mineral supplementation such as the AREDS formulation (see above). Specifically, the AREDS results should be interpreted as understanding that the formulation was effective in slowing the risk of progression of AMD in persons 55 years of age and older who had some macular changes consistent with early age-related maculopathy. More recently, substantiation of these results was reported on a primarily white population as part of the Rotterdam Study. An above-median intake of beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc was associated with a 35% reduced risk of AMD. Still other clinical research has demonstrated shortterm beneficial effects in small populations for lutein and a combination of lutein and antioxidants in AMD. 

Wolfs RC, HofmanA, de Jong PT. Risk of acute angle-closure glaucoma after diagnostic mydriasis in nonselected subjects the Rotterdam Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997 38 2683-2687. 

Ott A, StolkRP, van Hai skamp F, Pols HA, Hofman A, Breteler MM (1999) Diabetes mellitus and die risk of demeiida Hie Rotterdam Study. Neui ology 53 1937—1942. 

Wolfs RC, Borger PH, Ramrattan RS, Klaver CC, Hulsman CA, Hofman A, Vingerling JR, Hitchings RA, de Jong PT (2000) Changing views on open-angle glaucoma definidons and prevalences—The Rotterdam Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41 3309-3321. 

Andersen K, Launer LJ, Ott A, Hoes AW, Breteler MM, Hofman A. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk for Alzheimer s disease The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 1995 45(8) 1441-5. 

Feenstra J, Heerdink ER, Grobbee DE et al. Association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with first occurrence of heart failure and with relapsing heart failure the Rotterdam Study. Archivesof Internal Medicine 2002 62 265-270. 

Geleijnse JM, Witteman JCM, den Breeijen JH, et al. Dietary electrolyte intake and blood pressure in older subjects The Rotterdam Study. JHypertens 1996 14 737-741. 

B. and Witteman, J. C. M. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity is associated with risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke The Rotterdam study. Circulation 111 (2005) 570-575. 

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