Rotating machines, application

Spray coating is used before and after a product is assembled particularly if already assembled and has complex shaped and curved surfaces. Many different types of spray equipment are in use to handle the different forms of paints used. They are classified by their method of atomization (airless, air, rotary, electrostatic, etc.) and by their deposition assist (electrostatic or nonelectrostatic, flame spray, etc.). Spraying techniques may fall into several of these categories. They range from simple systems with one manual applicator to highly complex, computer-controlled, automatic systems. They can incorporate hundreds of spray units. Automatic systems may have their applicators mounted on fixed stands, on reciprocating or rotating machines, on robots, and so on. 

Typical applications for electrical steel are in large distribution and power transformers, large generators and high-efficiency rotating machines. To reduce eddy-current loss, electrical steels are laminated into sheets which are usually 0.27-0.64 mm thick. 

Actuators that generate movements and forces, such as bending, expansion and contraction driven by stimulation of electrical, chemical, thermal and optical energies, are different from rotating machines such as electric motors and internal combustion engines. There are many sorts of soft actuators made of polymers [1-3], gels [4] and nanotubes [5]. Particularly, biomimetic actuators are interesting because of the application to artificial muscles that will be demanded for medical equipment, robotics and replacement of human muscle in the future. 

Free-standing synchronous clutch couplings type MS-... -E (this information source s model designations). Encased synchronous clutch couplings (see Fig. P-65) have been developed for installations where complete isolation of the driving machine is required for on-site maintenance while the driven machine continues to rotate. Typical applications for the encased clutches are fan drives with two driving machines. 

Radial-Inflow Turbine The radial-inflow turbine, or inward-flow radial turbine, has been in use for many years. Basically a centrifugal compressor with reversed-flow and opposite rotation, the inward-flow radial turbine is used for smaller loads and over a smaller operational range than the axial turbine. Radial-inflow turbines are only now beginning to be used because little was know about them heretofore. Axial turbines have enjoyed tremendous interest due to their low frontal area, making them suited to the aircraft industiy. However, the axial machine is much longer than the radial machine, making it unsuited for certain vehicular and helicopter applications. Radial turbines are used in turbochargers and in some types of expanders. 

The single-stage, single-valve turbine is the simplest option. Such a machine is suitable for applications requiring powers up to 300 kW, steam conditions up to a nominal 115 bar, 530°C and rotational speeds... 

The vibration profile that results from motion is the result of a force imbalance. By definition, balance occurs in moving systems when all forces generated by, and acting on, the machine are in a state of equilibrium. In real-world applications, however, there is always some level of imbalance and all machines vibrate to some extent. This section discusses the more common sources of vibration for rotating machinery, as well as for machinery undergoing reciprocating and/or linear motion. 

Horizontal stiffness Most bearing pedestals have more freedom in the horizontal direction than in the vertical. In most applications, the vertical height of the pedestal is much greater than the horizontal cross-section. As a result, the entire pedestal can flex in the horizontal plane as the machine rotates. 

Process rolls are commonly found in paper machines and other continuous process applications. Process rolls generate few unique vibration frequencies. In most cases, the only vibration frequencies generated are running speed and bearing rotational frequencies. 

The API standards are reasonable for turbo-machinery, but are unacceptable for lower-speed machines. The standards are applicable for rotating machinery with speeds above 1800 rpm marginal for speeds between 600 and 1800 rpm and should not be used for speeds below 600 rpmx. 

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