Rope dyeing

Before the pressurized package dyeing machine became estabHshed, sulfur dyes were often employed for dyeing cotton warps in rope form (ball... 

Cha.in Wa.rp Dyeing. This procedure is widely used in the dyeing of indigo on warp yams which are in the form of ropes or chains. In this procedure, several warp ropes are pulled through a series of tubs containing the dye Hquor and gradually are dyed to the desired shade. 

Another extremely popular machine of this type is the jet dyeing machine which conserves energy by reducing the cloth-to-Hquor ratio to 1 10 or lower as compared to 1 20 for the winch. In this machine, the fabric which is in a rope form is transported by movement of the dye Hquor through a Venturi jet. This method provides intimate contact between the dye Hquor and each meter of material. The machine operates at 40—135°C. 

The pressure-jet dyeing machine is unique in that it has no moving parts. The cloth, in rope form, is introduced into a unidirectional liquid stream enclosed in a pipe. Liquor is pumped through a specially designed venturi jet imparting a driving force that moves the fabric. The two fabric ends are sewn together to form a continuous loop. 

As mechanical agitation is important to effect the bio-fmishing, only selected processes and machines can be used, for example tubular fabric preferably cut to open width and treated in open width washers. In the rope form the loosened fibre particles are filtered out by the fabric and cannot easily be removed. The pad-batch process, jig or package dyeing machines are not effective in bio-fmishing. 

Anionic leveling agents. Promote migration and leveling of direct, disperse, and reactive dyes on cotton and polyester/ cotton blends. Provide enhanced dispersion stability with fine particle size. Effective lubricants which minimize rope marks. 

INTEX CARRIER 96 also contains some lubricant to aid in preventing rope and crack marks during dyeing. A combination of several surfactants also aids in maintaining a compatible system without adding significantly to the foaming problem usually found in the jet machine. 

Dacron Polyester Strong, easy to dye, shrink-resistant Permanent-press fabrics, rope, sails, thread... 

Raw stocks and yams in packages or in beams can be bleached only by the liquor circulating machines. Cotton yam in the form of hank can be bleached as a rope of cloth using pressure kiers, washing machines and hypochlorite bleaching pits. But the modem tendency is to bleach in a more efficient manner in dyeing machines in the form of beams (Fig. 7-3) and packages (Fig. 7-4). This machine... 

Ramie is used to make ropes, strings, and fishing nets. It is also used for textiles in the East either alone or with other fibres. In China it is used for making grass cloth and white summer cloth . It can be bleached to a good white and dyes quite satisfactorily with all the cotton dyes. 

Safety is a major factor in the design and construction of toys. They cannot have shaqa edges, and they must be designed with each animal s behavior in mind. The marmoset s rope ladder cannot contain artificial dyes, because the monkeys could chew on the rope and get sick. Marmosets (the world s smallest monkeys, about the size of chipmunks) seem to gnaw on just about everything. Toys built for dolphins must be made of durable material that can endure bites from mouths with 100 teeth each. Atlantic sea turtles have very powerful jaws that can easily break many common materials. 

Textile fibers can provide strong evidence in criminal activity because of the wide variety in color, dye, and organic structure found in their composition. Fibers may be transferred between garments in person-to-person contact during assaults, transferred to vehicles in hit-and-run traffic incidents, and encountered as ropes or twine in cases of kidnapping or deprivation of liberty. 

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