Tubular fabric

Most needled fabric is made ia flat form however, tubular fabric, ranging ia diameter from a few millimeters to papermakers felt dimensions, can be made on some machines. 

As mechanical agitation is important to effect the bio-fmishing, only selected processes and machines can be used, for example tubular fabric preferably cut to open width and treated in open width washers. In the rope form the loosened fibre particles are filtered out by the fabric and cannot easily be removed. The pad-batch process, jig or package dyeing machines are not effective in bio-fmishing. 

The singeing machine for circular knit fabric differs from the well-known singeing machine for woven fabrics only in guiding and transport of the fabric. The real problem consists in properly opening out the tubular fabric. The distance between burner and fabric must be exactly the same at every point. The burner must be so designed that there is an uniform flame intensity over the entire tube circumfer-... 

Heat-setting calenders may also be used for the treatment of tubular fabric... 

Based on the tubular fabric mercerizing machine, Domier, GmbH, has developed a combinable mercerizing and bleaching concept for tubular warp knitted fabrics. The combined mercerizing/bleaching machine (Fig. 9-23) comprises im-... 

A series of tubular fabric samples, typical for use in endovascular prostheses, were woven from polyester monofilament and multifilament yams on a special narrow ribbon shutde loom. They were 8 mm in diameter and 6 cm in length, and bad the structural specifications listed in Table 1. 

Flat knit fabric n. (1) A fabric made on a flatknitting machine, as distinguished from tubular fabrics made on a circular-knitting machine. While tricot and milanese warp-knit fabrics (non-run) are knit in flat form. 

Tubular fabric n. A fabric woven or knit in a tube form with no seams, such as seamless pillowcases, some knit underwear fabrics, and seamless hosiery. 

The threads used to lead to the velour stmcture in a fabric are texturized, usually by the false-twist method, and heat set so that they are pre-shrunk. These threads are also fed at a higher rate and lower tension than are the threads that form the rest of the fabric. The latter are plain, that is, untexturized, and not heat set. The warp comprises both types of yarn, and the fill may be of the unshrunk, untexturized, yam alone or may be used in combination with pre-shrunk, texturized yam, the two types twisted together (in the fill only) prior to weaving. When the tubular fabric is heat set to develop corrugations, only the unshrunk threads will shrink, not the pre-shmnk texturized yarns. This will cause the latter to form projected loops. 

A tubular fabric has also been considered of value as an implant in the repair of hernias and in closing defects in the walls of the abdomen and chest. A flat knitted mesh of polypropylene monofilament has generally been used successfully for the purpose however, such meshes require a selvedge in order to avoid fraying or unraveling and to serve as a securing point for the sutures. These selvedges have often been knitted from... 

Mize lie SW, Property Structure Correlation in Small Diameter Vascular Grafts , MS thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA, 1997. Moghe AK, Study and Characterization of Small Diameter Woven Tubular Fabrics , MS thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA, 2002. 

Zhao H, Wang L, Li Y, Liu X, King MW. The mathematical model for evaluating fatigue resistance of SG tubular fabric relationship between textile parameters and fatigue performance./. Biomater. Appl. 24 579-590,2010. 

The optimal length of a manually performed spread is 4—7 m. Short markers may be joined and laid as one spread, forming either a traditional or a step spread. The number of fabric plies in a spread depends on the size of the order, the fabric properties (thickness, slickness, friction between the fabric and a cutting device, etc.) and the technical limits of the manual cutting machines (the stroke size, shape of the blade, etc.). Narrow tubular fabrics and interlinings are spreaded by a single worker. 

The provision of holes for venting and draining tubular fabrications will also allow a coating to be obtained on the inside surfaces and, therefore, will ensure better protection for the fabrication. 

Figure 6.7 Tubular fabrics (a) single tube by tubular knitting (b) single tube by unconnected tubular knitting (c) bifurcated tube (d) trifurcate tube branched at the same course and (e) trifurcate tube branched at different courses.

Bifurcate tubular fabrics (straight, tapered, or flared)... 

Yang H, Xu W, Ouyang C, Zhou F, Cui W, Yi C. Circumferential compliance of small diameter polyurethane vascular grafts reinforced with elastic tubular fabric. Fibres Text... 

Yang H, Zhu G, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Fang J, Xu W. Influence of weft-knitted tubular fabric on radial mechanical property of coaxial three-layer smaU-diameter vascular graft. 

Flat Knit Fabric n (1) A fabric made on a flat-knitting machine, as distinguished from tubular fabrics made on a circular-knitting machine. While tricot and mil-anese warp-knit fabrics (non-run) are knit in flat form, the trade uses the term flat-knit fabric to refer to weft-knits fabrics made on a flat machine, rather than warp-knit fabrics. (2) A term used in the underwear trade for plain stitch fabrics made on a circular-knitting machine. These fabrics have a flat surface and are often called flat-knit fabrics to differentiate them from ribbed-knit or Swiss rib fabrics. In this case, the term refers to the texture, not the type of machine on which the fabric was knit (Kadolph SJJ, Langford AL (2001) Textiles. Pearson Education, New York Vincenti R (ed) (1994) Elsevier s textile dictionary. Elsevier Science and Technology Books, New York). 

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