Role of Tyrosine Kinase

MAJUMDAR A p (1990) Role of tyrosine kinases in gastrin induction of ornithine decarboxylase in colonic mucosa. Am J Physiol. 259 (4 Ptl) G626-G630. 

The role of tyrosine kinase signaling in actin cytoskeleton regulation is well established (166-171), and certain steps in the activation pathways of both Rac 1 and RhoA, two molecules known to modulate actin function, may also require tyrosine kinase activity (172,173). In fact, two recent reports have also indicated... 

Garland, L. G. (1992). New pathways of phagocyte activation The coupling of receptor-linked phospholipase D and the role of tyrosine kinase in primed neutrophils. FEMS Microbiol. Immunol. 105,229-38. 

Cunnick, J.M., Dorsey, J.F., Standley, T., Turkson, J., Kraker, A.J., Fry, D.W., Jove, R., and Wu, J., 1998, Role of tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor in the lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, J. Biol. Chem. 273 14468-14475. 

Tyrosine kinases are important mediators of the signaling cascade, determining key roles in diverse biological processes like growth, differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis in response to external and internal stimuli. Recent advances have implicated the role of tyrosine kinases in the pathophysiology of cancer. 

Zhou, Y. Y., Yao, J. A., and Tsen, G. N. 1997. Role of tyrosine kinase activity in cardiac slow delayed rectifier channel modulation by cell swelling. Pfliigers Arch. 433 750-757. 

In addition to the serine-threonine phosphorylation sites modulated by PKC and PKA, a basal state of tyrosine phosphorylation exists in platelet TP receptors, as in bradykinin receptors, and this phosphorylation increases on agonist stimulation (166). The tyrosine kinase responsible for this pho horylation, as well as that of the parallel phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 34dnase (PIj4dnase), that occurs on agonist stimulation, is unknown, but p27 known to be activated by TP receptor agonists (167), is a candidate (166). It is also possible that PI, kinase itself might phosphorylate TP receptors. The functional role of tyrosine kinase-mediated phosphorylation of TP receptors is unknown. 

Lavendustin A and derivatives have been used to study the pathophysiological role of protein kinases. For instance, lavendustin A was used to study the potential role of tyrosine kinases in the regulation of wall stretch-induced atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) secretion. Because lavendustin A is selective for t5n-osine kinases, the data obtained under these conditions showed that this kind of kinase is implicated in regulating cardiac hormone secretion. However, it is still unclear which tyrosine kinase is responsible for wall stretch-induced cardiac hormone secretion [111]. 

Strieker SA, Smythe TL. 2006. Differing mechanisms of cAMP- versus seawater-induced oocyte maturation in marine nemertean worms It. The roles of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. Mol Reprod Dev 73(12) 1564-1577. 

Arora A, Scholar EM (2005) Role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 315 971-979... 

Kato, H., Faria, T.N., Stannard, B., Roberts, C.T., and Leroiths, D. 1993. Role of tyrosine kinase activity in signal transduction by the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor. Characterization of kinase-deficient IGF-I receptors and the. Journal of Biological, 4, 2655-2661. 

S Additional information <1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6> (<1,2,3,4>, enzyme is involved in the synthesis of 3-phosphoinositides. Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases are further subdivided into class lA and IB enzymes, which signal downstream of tyrosine kinase and heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors, respectively. All class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase members also bind to Ras, but the role of this interaction in physiological phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling is not entirely clear [1] <1,4>, enzyme can promote proliferation [1] <1,2,3,4>, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and DNA synthesis... 

It appears that insulin and certain growth factors may exert their effects by acting through this type of tyrosine kinase receptor-enzyme system.21,44 Insulin, for example, binds to the extracellular component of a protein located on skeletal muscle cells, thereby initiating activation of this protein s enzymatic activity on the inner surface of the cell membrane. This change in enzyme function causes further changes in cell activity, which ultimately result in increased glucose uptake in the muscle cell. The function of insulin receptors and their role in the cause and treatment of diabetes mellitus are discussed in more detail in Chapter 32. 

Shah BH, Catt KJ. 2002. Calcium-independent activation of extracellularly regulated kinases 1 and 2 by angiotensin II in hepatic C9 cells roles of protein kinase Cdelta, Src/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, and epidermal growth receptor trans-activation. Mol Pharmacol 61 343-351. 

Finally SHRs are subject to phosphorylation, althou the role of phosphorylation is not yet clear in all cases. SHRs are substrates of serine/threonine kinases, and, at least in the case of oestrogen receptors, also of tyrosine kinases. Moreover, transcriptionally active SHRs are phosphorylated by a DNA-dependent kinase. SHRs can also respond indirectly to hormones that signal through the second messenger, cAMP, because the co-activator CBP is a target of the cAMP-dependent serine/threonine kinase, PKA. Phosphorylation of CBP enhances SHR activity. 

Structural and Functional Roles of Tyrosine-50 of Yeast Guanylate Kinase... 

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