Role of transglutaminase

The -( y-Glutamyl)lysine Crosslink and the Catalytic Role of Transglutaminases J. E. Folk and J. S. Finlayson... 

Karpuj, M. and Steinman, L. (2004). The multifaceted role of transglutaminase in neurodegeneration Review article. Amino Acids 26, 373-379. 

Folk, J.E., J.S. Finlayson, The epsilon-(gam-ma-glutamyl)lysine crosslink and the catalytic role of transglutaminases. Adv Protein Chem 1977, 31, 1-133. 

A large and diverse group of proteins, including enzymes, cytoskeleton, contractile proteins, and receptors, have been shown to be modified by calpains. Thus, a number of enzymes such as tyrosine hydrolase, tryptophan hydrolase, transglutaminase, protein kinase C, and membrane Ca2+-ATPase are activated by calpain proteolysis [38]. Several receptor proteins, in particular receptors for steroid hormones, growth factors, and adrenaline, are modulated by calpains, which participate also in platelet activation, cell fusion, and mitosis [39], Although the physiological roles of calpains continue to be un-... 

Feingold and his coworkers demonstrated an important role of nuclear hormone receptor on epidermal differentiation and stratum corneum barrier formation. Activation ofPPARa Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a by farnesol also stimulated the differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes.42 Cornified envelope formation, involcrin, and transglutaminase protein, and mRNA levels were also increased by the activation of PPARo . Interestingly, the inflammatory response was also inhibited by the treatment.43 They also showed that topical application of PPARo activators accelerated the barrier recovery after tape stripping or acetone treatment and prevented the epidermal hyperplasia induced by repeated barrier disruption.42 Regulation of the nuclear hormone receptor would open a new possibility for improvement of the cutaneous barrier. 

Uhlig H, Osman AA, Tanev ID, Viehweg J, Mothes T. Role of tissue transglutaminase in gliadin binding to reticular extracellular matrix and relation to coeliac disease autoantibodies. Autoimmunity 1998 28 185-195. 

VecchiM, FolliC, Donato MF, Formenti S, Arosio E, deFranchisR. High rate of positive anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in chronic liver disease. Role of liver decompensation and of the antigen source. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003 38 50-54. 

Fleckenstein B, Molberg O, Qiao SW, Schmid DG, von der Mulbe F, Elgstoen K, et al. Gliadin T cell epitope selection by tissue transglutaminase in celiac disease. Role of enzyme specificity and pH influence on the transamidation versus deamidation process. J Biol Chem 2002 277 34109-34116. 

Achyuthan KE, Greenberg CS. Identification of a guanosine triphosphate-binding site on guinea pig liver transglutaminase. Role of GTP and calcium ions in modulating activity. J. Biol. Chem. 1987 262 1901-1906. 

Hartley DM, Zhao C, Speier AC, Woodard GA, Li S, Li Z, Walz T (2008) Transglutaminase induces protofibril-like amyloid beta-protein assemblies that are protease-resistant and inhibit long-term potentiation. J Biol Chem 283 16790-16800 Hashimoto M, Rockenstein E, Crews L, MasUah E (2003) Role of protein aggregation in mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer s and Parkinson s diseases. Neuromolecular Med 4 21-36... 

Zhang J, Masui Y (1997) Role of amphibian egg transglutaminase in the development of secondary cytostatic Factor in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 47 302-311... 

Mehta, K., Rao, U.R., Vickery, A.C. and Fesus, L. (1992) Identification of a novel transglutaminase from the filarial parasite Brugia malayi and its role in growth and development. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 53, 1-15. 

Transglutaminases. Ca2+-dependent transglutaminase activation was detected in dying and apoptotic cells its actual role can be related to cross-linking of plasmalemmal proteins with cytoskeleton (Orrenius et al., 2003). 

Hill, P. G. and Me Millan, S. A. 2006. Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies and their role in the investigation of coeliac disease. Ann Clin Biochem. 43 105-117. 

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