Robots history

In an attempt to understand the factors which lead to a successful and acceptable implementation of a robotic system, Molet et al. [2] have described the history of the implementation of a robotic installation in the steel industry in France. TTiey analysed the reactions of the various participants. Most of the difficulties encountered were related to the technological modifications required in the plant to install the robot and its peripheral equipment, and the labour and organizational changes which affected those most directly involved. TTiis experience provides some general lessons about the dos and do nots of rohotization (see also Besson [3] and Guest [4]). 

Tanford, C., and J. Reynolds. Nature s Robots A History of Proteins. New York, NY Oxford University Press, 2003. 

What is clear is that the scientific community does not believe that Lamarckian, robotic, or informational life could have arisen spontaneously from inanimate matter. At the very least, its matrix would have to be constructed initially by a chemical, Darwinian life form arising from processes similar to those seen on Earth. Again, it is not clear whether those views are constrained by our inability to conceive broadly from what we know or whether they reflect true constraints on the processes by which life might emerge in natural history. 

The natural behavior of a crowd at the borderline between chaos and order in the human brain, as experienced at sport-events, popular concerts, political meetings of extremists, and so, is always a terrifying experience for a man of poise. Its essentially dangerous, threatening nature is obvious. The history of wars prove the main role of this brain mechanism in degrading human beings into faceless, robotic members of a misused mass. 

Tanford, C. and Reynolds, J. (2001), Nature s Robots, A History of Proteins. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 

While uniform speed and quite exact curve-following ability is readily available from manufacturers of robot-type equipment, other factors can influence the uniformity of the applied adhesive bead. As previously noted, adhesive viscosity can vary with temperature. In the case history mentioned above, it was necessary to precondition the supply pails of the adhesive so that the temperature of the material did not change while it was being used. If the operator did not allow the adhesive temperature to stabilize, it was necessary to continually adjust the pumping pressure in order to maintain uniform adhesive flow. 

Turner, Martin J. L. Expedition Mars. Chichester, England Praxis, 2004. A thoroughly illustrated history of space exploration (both manned and robotic) tending toward a future Mars landing and the challenges inherent in undertaking an expedition to the planet. 

Faust, Russell A., ed. Robotics in Surgery History, Current and Future Applications. New York Nova Science, 2007. Includes chapters on telerobotics, applications for neurosurgery, urologic surgery, and cardiothoracic surgery. 

SicUiano, Bruno, and Oussama Khatib, eds. The Springer Handbook of Robotics. London Springer, 2008. A comprehensive review of the history and existing technology in a huge number of subfields of robotics, including virtual simulation, sensor networks, and robots in agriculture. 

---