Risk assessment human factor

Banks, W., Wells, J. E. (1992). A Probabilistic Risk Assessment Using Human Reliability Analysis Methods. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis, Human Factors, and Human Reliability in Process Safety. New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers, CCPS. 

Risk Assessment, Human Heaith Uncertainty Factors. 

See also Risk Assessment, Human Health Uncertainty Factors. 

Renwick AG, Dome J-LCM, and Walton K (2001) Pathway-related factors The potential for human data to improve the scientific basis of risk assessment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 7(2) 165-180. 

See also Occupational Exposure Limits Reference Dose (RfD) Respiratory Tract Risk Assessment, Human Health Uncertainty Factors. 

See also Reference Concentration (RfC) Risk Assessment, Human Heaith Uncertainty Factors. 

See also Benchmark Dose Chemical-Specific Adjustment Factor (CSAF) Environmental Protection Agency, US International Programme on Chemical Safety Risk Assessment, Human Health Uncertainty Analysis. 

In the course of assessing your company s current PSM status, you and your team have almost certainly gained a clear sense of which facilities pose the greatest risk, whether by virtue of inherent process hazards, human factors, management systems, or a combination. As you set priorities for implementation you should closely review information gleaned from the assessment tasks. In addition, you should try to validate or flesh out your impressions through some more quantitative analysis that can help to identify priority facilities. 

Performance-influencing factors analysis is an important part of the human reliability aspects of risk assessment. It can be applied in two areas. The first of these is the qualitative prediction of possible errors that could have a major impact on plant or personnel safety. The second is the evaluation of the operational conditions under which tasks are performed. These conditions will have a major impact in determining the probability that a particular error will be committed, and hence need to be systematically assessed as part of the quantification process. This application of PIFs will be described in Chapters 4 and 5. 

Generally, the slope factor is a plausible upper bound estimate of the probability of a response per unit intake of a ehemieal over a lifetime. The slope factor is used in risk assessments to estimate an upper-bound lifetime probability of an individual developing cancer as a result of e.xposure to a particular level of a potential carcinogen. Slope factors should always be accompanied by the weight-of-evidence classification to indicate the strength of the evidence that the agent is a human carcinogen. Calculational details are presented below. 

U.S. EPA may list a waste as hazardous for any and all of the above reasons. The majority of listed wastes fall into the toxic waste category. To decide if a waste should be a toxic listed waste, U.S. EPA first determines whether it typically contains harmful chemical constituents. An appendix to RCRA contains a list of chemical compounds or elements that scientific studies have shown to have toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects on humans or other life forms. If a waste contains chemical constituents found on the appendix list, U.S. EPA then evaluates 11 other factors to determine if the wastestream is likely to pose a threat in the absence of special restrictions on its handling. These additional considerations include a risk assessment and study of past cases of damage caused by the waste. 

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