Rh D antigen

The anti-D immunological preparations used are purified from the serum or plasma of Rh-negative individuals who have been immunized against Rh-D antigen. The purified antibody preparations may be marketed as a liquid (shelf-life of 2 years when stored refrigerated) or as a freeze-dried preparation, which exhibits a shelf-life of up to 5 years. 

Aldesleukin (IL-2) and several other interleukins activate natural killer cells (NK cells) and lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells promiscuous killers ). The investigational use of aldesleukin in AIDS patients is partly based on the fact that lymphocytes from such individuals produce significantly less IL-2 than lymphocytes from healthy controls. The answer is (A). RhJD) immune globulin contains antibodies against Rh (D) antigens. Administration to an Rh-negative mother within 72 hours after the birth of an Rh-positive baby prevents Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) in subsequent pregnancies. The answer is (D). 

The Rh(D) antigen of human red-blood cell membranes has been isolated as an immunologically homogeneous protein possessing a molecular weight in the region of 1—2 x 10. The removal of iV-acetylneuraminic acid from human erythrocytes reduced the half-life of the erythrocytes in the blood. ... 

The rhesus D antigen occurs in 84% of all white individuals, who are therefore Rh-pos-itive. If an Rh-positive child is born to an Rh-negative mother, fetal erythrocytes can enter the mother s circulation during birth and lead to the formation of antibodies (IgG) against the D antigen. This initially has no acute effects on the mother or child. Complications only arise when there is a second pregnancy with an Rh-positive child, as maternal anti-D antibodies cross the placenta to the fetus even before birth and can trigger destruction of the child s Rh-positive erythrocytes [fetal erythroblastosis). 

Rho(D) immune globulin is one of the most specific and effective immunosuppressive treatments available. These IgG antibodies have high Rh(D)-specific titers. Administration of Rho(D) immune globulin prevents the response that develops in Rh mothers who were pregnant with an Rh+ fetus and consequently have become sensitized to the D antigen on fetal erythrocytes of the infant. In these Rh mothers, the antibody titers against Rh+ cells will continue to rise after each subsequent... 

Sensitization of Rh-negative mothers to the D antigen usually occurs at the time of birth of an Rh0(D)-positive or Du-positive infant, when fetal red cells may leak into the mother s bloodstream. 

Antibodies can be targeted more or less specifically, either against a single or a variety of antigens. An example of a broad-spectrum antibody therapy is anti-Rhesus antigen antibody (WinRho) which has been used postpartum for many years to prevent rhesus immunization of an Rh— mother by an Rh+ neonate. There are at least 60 known epitopes of the rhesus D antigen. The product is made from pooled plasma of Rh— male volunteers who have been deliberately challenged with small... 

Rh (D) immune globulin IV (human) (RhIVIG) is an immune globulin. By binding Rho(D) antigen and red blood cells, RhIGIV prevents production of anti-Rho(D) antibodies in... 

The second important red blood cell group is the Rh group. It is important because one of its antigenic determinants, the D antigen, is a very potent immunogen, stimulating the production of a large number of antibodies. 

The unique carbohydrate composition of the glycoproteins that constitute the antigenic determinants on red blood cells in part contributes to the relative immuno-genicity of the A, B, and Rh (D) red blood cell groups in human blood. 

Mechanism of action Rh GAM is a human IgG preparation that contains antibodies against red cell RhJD) antigens. Administration of this antibody to Rh (D)-negative. D -negative mothers at time of antigen exposure (ie, birth of an Rh (D)-positive, D -positive child) blocks the primaiy immune response to the foreign cells. The mechanism probably involves feedback immunosuppression. 

L A. An Rh-negative mother can develop antibodies against the Rh antigen if she is exposed to the blood of an Rh-positive baby during pregnancy or birth. If no therapy is given, hemolytic anemia can occur in future Rh-positive babies. Rho(D) immune... 

BayRho-D Rh antigen on red blood Prevention of Rh hemolytic disease... 

Gundel, RH., Gerritsen, M.E. and Wegner, C.D. (1989). Antigen-coated sepharose beads induce airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness in cynomolgus monkeys. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 140, 629-633. 

Gundel, RH., Wegner, C.D., Torcellini, C D., Clark, C.C, Haynes, N., Rothlein, R, Smith, C.W. and Lenst, L.G. (1991). Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 mediates antigen-induced acute airway inflammation and late-phase obstruction in monkeys. J. Clin. Invest. 88, 1407-1411. 

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