D Antigenicity

Nacharaju P, Boctor FN, Manjula BN et al (2005) Surface decoration of red blood cells with maleimidophenyl-polyethylene glycol facilitated by thiolation with iminothiolane an approach to mask A, B, and D antigens to generate universal red blood cells. Transfusion 45 374-383... 

Fig. 4—A comparison of the H-D antigenic component and the receptor for influenza virus hemagglutinin, which are a-NeuGc-(2 — 3)-/ -Gal and a-NeuAc-(2 — 3)-/ -Gal, respectively, on the backbones / -D-Gal-( 1 — 4)-jS-d-G1cNAc-( 1 -> 3)-jS-D-Gal-(l - 4)-d-G1cNAc (sialyl i), yS-D-Gal-(l — 4)-yJ-D-GlcNAc-(l - 6)-D-Gal (sialyl I). The CH3 of the acetamido group of Ar-acetylneuraminic acid, which is a CH2OH group in iV-glycolyl-neuraminic acid, is shown.

The D antigen unit is another form of strength expression of viral vaccines. The D antigen units are determined on the basis of radial immunodiffusion (e.g., poliovirus vaccine). 

If a poliovirus vaccine was prepared to contain 40-D antigen units per dose of 0.5 mL, how many antigen units would be present in a bulk vial containing 10 mL ... 

Dill, K., Montgomery, D.D., Wang, W., and Tsai, J.D., Antigen detection using microelectrode array microchips, Clin. Chim. Acta, 444, 66-78, 2001. 

The rhesus D antigen occurs in 84% of all white individuals, who are therefore Rh-pos-itive. If an Rh-positive child is born to an Rh-negative mother, fetal erythrocytes can enter the mother s circulation during birth and lead to the formation of antibodies (IgG) against the D antigen. This initially has no acute effects on the mother or child. Complications only arise when there is a second pregnancy with an Rh-positive child, as maternal anti-D antibodies cross the placenta to the fetus even before birth and can trigger destruction of the child s Rh-positive erythrocytes [fetal erythroblastosis). 

Anti-D immunoglobulin Human Specificity against rhesus D antigen... 

The anti-D immunological preparations used are purified from the serum or plasma of Rh-negative individuals who have been immunized against Rh-D antigen. The purified antibody preparations may be marketed as a liquid (shelf-life of 2 years when stored refrigerated) or as a freeze-dried preparation, which exhibits a shelf-life of up to 5 years. 

Rho(D) immune globulin is one of the most specific and effective immunosuppressive treatments available. These IgG antibodies have high Rh(D)-specific titers. Administration of Rho(D) immune globulin prevents the response that develops in Rh mothers who were pregnant with an Rh+ fetus and consequently have become sensitized to the D antigen on fetal erythrocytes of the infant. In these Rh mothers, the antibody titers against Rh+ cells will continue to rise after each subsequent... 

Brink, R., Goodnow, C.C., Crosbie, J., Adams, E., Eris, J., Mason, D.Y., Hartley, S.B., Basten, A. (1992). Immunoglobulin M and D antigen receptors are both capable of mediating B lymphocyte activation, deletion, or anergy after interaction with specific antigen. J. Exp. Med. 176,991-1005. 

Sensitization of Rh-negative mothers to the D antigen usually occurs at the time of birth of an Rh0(D)-positive or Du-positive infant, when fetal red cells may leak into the mother s bloodstream. 

Naal RM, Holowka EP, Baird B, Holowka D. Antigen-stimulated trafficking from the recycling compartment to the plasma membrane in RBL mast cells. Traffic 2003 4 190-200. 

HLA-D antigens Transplantation antigens bound to liposomes Subunits A and B of cholera toxin... 

Dequeker J,VanWanghe P,VerdicktW. A systematic survey of HLA-A, B,C,and D antigens and drug toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1984 11 282-286. 

Antibodies can be targeted more or less specifically, either against a single or a variety of antigens. An example of a broad-spectrum antibody therapy is anti-Rhesus antigen antibody (WinRho) which has been used postpartum for many years to prevent rhesus immunization of an Rh— mother by an Rh+ neonate. There are at least 60 known epitopes of the rhesus D antigen. The product is made from pooled plasma of Rh— male volunteers who have been deliberately challenged with small... 

Robin, M. A., Maratrat, M., Le Roy, M., Le Breton, F. R, Bonierbale, E., Dansette, P, Ballet, F., Mansuy, D., Pessayre, D. Antigenic targets in tienilic acid hepatitis. Both cytochrome P450 2C11 and 2Cll-tieniUc acid adducts are transported to the plasma membrane of rat hepatocytes and recognized by human sera J. Clirr Invest. 1996, 98,1471-1480. 

The test strain used for the preparation of the batch of reference material is Enterococcus faecium, which has been isolated from water. The idendification was based on (1) biochemical identification, (2) identification with the API-20-STREP method, and (3) serological testing for group D antigen, which confirmed the strain of Enterococcus faecium. These methods are described in details elsewhere [38]. 

---