Resuscitation bag

The delivery of aerosol powders by generation with minimal formulation has been an attractive prospect to many researchers. The early use of a dry powder artificial phospholipid in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome proved very successful [181]. Because no delivery system was available to facilitate this treatment, a simple system was devised. A Laerdal neonatal resuscitation bag was modified to hold a capsule containing the artificial surfactant, as shown schematically in Fig. 11. However, where MDIs of the prescribed medication are available, both physicians and patients prefer their use. The powders themselves have to be prepared in the same way as those used in MDIs, by milling. Often, excipients are added to carry the fine powder. Lactose has been used in both cromolyn sodium and albuterol formulations. As a consequence of the interest in dry powders, a number of products have been... 

Figure 11 Modified Laerdal neonatal resuscitation bag. (With permission of Lancet.)...

Employers must provide, at no cost, and require employees to use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, gowns, masks, eye/face protection, mouthpieces, and resuscitation bags. They must clean, repair, and replace personal protective equipment when necessary. Gloves are not necessarily required for routine phlebotomies in volunteer blood donation centers, bnt mnst be made available to employees who want them. 

For example, disposable airway equipment or resuscitation bags and mechanical respiratory assist devices, such as oxygen demand valve resuscitators, should be available on all emergency vehicles and to all emergency response personnel who respond to medical... 

Figure 3 (A) An LVR using a resuscitation bag in spinal cord injury around tracheostomy tube. (B) Ventilation trial with volume ventilation around a corked tracheostomy tube. Abbreviation LVR, lung volume recruitment.

Resuscitation bag Clean sterUize/disinfect between patients lA NS... 

Appropriate cleaning and sterilization or disinfection of all reusable respiratory therapy equipment is essential to reduce transmission of infectious agents. Resuscitation bags, spirometers, temperature sensors, and oxygen analyzers, if not properly sterilized or if transferred between patients, are also potential sources of cross infection (1,2,158,159). In summary, respiratory therapy devices should not be transferred between patients and proper cleaning and sterilization is strongly recommended. 

Hartstein AI, Rashad AL, Liebler JM, et al. Multiple intensive care unit outbreak of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus respiratory infection and colonization associated with contaminated, reusable ventilator circuits and resuscitation bags. Am J Med 1988 85 624-631. 

It should also be noted that mouth to mouth breathing should be avoided. It is possible for the rescuer to become contaminated via ingestion, inhalation or absorption while administering mouth to mouth resuscitation. A bag valve mask or positive pressure oxygen unit should be used to ventilate the victim. 

Inhalation Hold breath and don respiratory protection mask administer immediately, in rapid succession, all three Nerve Agent Antidote Kits, Mark I injectors if severe signs of agent exposure appear use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when approved mask-bag or oxygen delivery systems are... 

Inhalation Hold breath until respiratory protective mask is donned. Remove from the source Immediately. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be used when approved mask-bag or oxygen delivery systems are not available. Do not use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when facial contamination is present. Seek medical attention Immediately. 

A 25-year-old man had a cardiac arrest after taking one knot or sealed bag of crack cocaine (2.5 g) and was resuscitated. His arterial blood pH was 6.92 and an electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, QRS axis 300°, and terminal 40 msec of the QRS axis 285°. After an infusion of sodium bicarbonate, his blood pH was 7.30, his QRS axis 15°, and the terminal 40 msec QRS axis 30°. He passed the bag of cocaine rectally within 12 hours of admission. 

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