Oxygen analyzer

and Maloney, J. O. (eds.). Perry s Chemical Engineers Handbook, Sixth Edition, Sections21,27, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1984) 

Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook, First Edition, pp. 296-316, Noyes Publications, New Jersey (1983) 

Cooney, Demain, Dimnill, Humphrey, Lilley, Fermentation and Enzyme Technology, pp. 262-267 Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1979) 

EquipmentTestingProcedure Committee(AIChE), Centrifuges A Guide to Performance Evaluations, AIChE, New York (1980) 

Wirtsch, Mayer, G., Stahl, W., Model for Mechanical Separation of Liquid in a Field of Centrifugal Force, Mineral Processing, 11 619-627 

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Provide oxygen analyzer with activation of inert gas addition on detection of high oxygen concentration... 

The reader can easily determine how a low-signal selector works for the fuel flow controller. It would compare the signals from the steam pressure and the air flow. A flue gas oxygen analyzer should be installed to continuously monitor or even trim the air flow. 

All safety equipment and systems should be scheduled for regular inspection and test. Nitrogen blanketing systems should be inspected at least weekly. It is not sufficient to check that the nitrogen is open to the tank. The atmosphere in the tank should be tested with a portable oxygen analyzer to make sure that the oxygen concentration is below 5%. 

The atmosphere inside every stack should be monitored regularly, say daily, for oxygen content. Large stacks should be fitted with oxygen analyzers that alarm at 5% (2% if hydrogen is present). Small stacks should be checked with a portable analyzer. 

It is usual to install several oxygen analyzers, but this plant was fitted with only one. The management therefore decided to make up for the deficiency in numbers by testing it daily instead of weekly or monthly. 

ICliemE. 1983. Guide Notes on the Safe Application of Oxygen Analyzers. The Institution of Chemical Engineers, Rugby, Warwickshire, UK. 

Based on results obtained we built [19] a sensitive oxygen analyzer which we have widely used in our further studies (see next chapter for details). 

Not passive require continuous pilot fuel, electricity, oxygen analyzers for collection headers, and instrumentation. 

Failure of oxygen analyzer for storage tank allowed combustible vapors to accumulate and ignite. 

Figure 9.14 illustrates the precision and accuracy of the system at various oxygen concentrations as compared to a standard oxygen analyzer (model 570A/580A from... 

Figure 9.14. Precision and accuracy of the instrument at various concentrations of oxygen as compared to a standard oxygen analyzer (Servomex). The fiber optic sensor monitored the concentration of oxygen in saline solution (continuous stair) in equilibrium with various nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures monitored by the gas analyzer (dotted staircase). The absolute concentration of oxygen in the gas phase is about 60 times larger than the corresponding equilibrium concentration in the liquid phase. The bath temperature was 37 C For the purpose of comparison both measurements have been scaled to percent oxygen. (From Ref. 21 with permission.)...

Did the oxygen analyzer really help us find the point of absolute combustion for the forced-draft boiler No, it did not. However, once you have found the point of absolute combustion and then noted the corresponding flue-gas percent 02, as long as all operating conditions remain constant for the heater (and in reality the longest time you could hope that all conditions would truly be constant would be /2 h), then you could use the percent 02 in the flue gas as a rather secondary... 

Regardless of and in preference to oxygen analyzer results, we must consider the appearance of the firebox and flames when we assess whether more combustion air is needed ... 

After cutting back on the air registers, operator A noticed that the heater outlet temperature dropped, so he raised the fuel rate to maintain the heater outlet temperature. He did not realize that this sequence of events was an indication of insufficient combustion air, because the convective-section oxygen analyzer still showed 7 percent 02, so he asked operator B to pinch back still further on the air registers. 

Unfortunately, many heaters have oxygen sensors in the stack and not in the firebox. An oxygen sensor in the firebox may provide a useful guide, as we mentioned earlier, although it is not actually needed to run the heater efficiently. However, an oxygen analyzer in the stack or... 

In view of the above, it is clear that if the combustion of airflow is being adjusted on the basis of the oxygen content of the stack or convective section gases (i.e., from readings taken on an oxygen analyzer with probe located in the stack or convective section), it is very likely that there will be afterburn or secondary ignition in the stack or convective section. This scenario was discussed earlier in this chapter in the section on secondary combustion and afterburn. After all, the fire is supposed to be contained within the firebox, and not in the convec-... 

In this technique, we directly measure the oxygen content of the gas stream entering and leaving the fermenter by using gaseous oxygen analyzer. The oxygen uptake can be calculated as... 

Experiments under anoxic conditions were carried out in a Vacuum Atmospheres Inc. anaerobic chamber containing a nitrogen atmosphere, with an oxygen concentration of 0.2 yL/L (as determined by a Teledyne Model 317-X trace oxygen analyzer). 

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