Negative signs

It is this type of work that is ubiquitous in chemical themiodynamics, principally because of changes of the volume of the system under the external pressure of the atmosphere. The negative sign of the work done on the system is, of course, because the application of excess pressure produces a decrease in volume. (The negative sign in the two-dimensional case is analogous.)... 

The negative sign in equation (b 1.15.26) implies that, unlike the case for electron spins, states with larger magnetic quantum number have smaller energy for g O. In contrast to the g-value in EPR experiments, g is an inlierent property of the nucleus. NMR resonances are not easily detected in paramagnetic systems because of sensitivity problems and increased linewidths caused by the presence of unpaired electron spins. 

Since Q is negative, and //ab,cl for tbe ground state must be a negative sign, it follows that the ground state for the odd parity case is the in-phase combination, while for the even parity case, the out-of-phase wave function is the ground state. 

The last two terms in (178) with negative signs vanish after integrating out the spin part, and, consequently. 

The absorption and emission eases ean be eombined into a single net expression for the rate of photon absorption by reeognizing that the latter proeess leads to photon produetion, and thus must be entered with a negative sign. The resultant expression for the net rate of decrease of photons is ... 

Here d/l is the additional wall area exposed when the uptake diminishes by dn moles through evaporation from the capillary p." is the chemical potential of the capillary condensate and p° that of the bulk liquid adsorptive. The negative sign is necessary because the area A exposed increases as the uptake diminishes. If the adsorptive vapour behaves as a perfect gas,... 

Since T > Tg, the negative sign assures that In tg > In t that is, the process takes longer at Tg. 

The negative sign is due to fhe convention fhaf orbifal energies are negative. 

Negative sign indicates supply to stocks (inventory) in order to balance supply/demand. 

In thin sections natural graphite is translucent, strongly pleochroic, and uniaxial. It has a negative sign of birefringence and two extinctions per revolution under crossed Nicol prisms. The atomic number of carbon accounts for its low absorption coefficient for x-rays and electrons. 

Fig. 13. Two-component development involving competition between electrostatic and adhesive forces, where + outside and beneath the large circles represents the positively charged toner and the large circles containing negative signs represent carrier beads.

The negative sign indicates a chemical shift value numerically smaller than that of pyrazine itself. 

If the gauge pressure at the suction flange is less than atmospheric, requiring use of a vacuum gauge, this reading is used for in Eq. (10-41) with a negative sign. 

The model was tested by the micellar liquid chromatography separ ation of the five rarbornicin derivatives and four ethers of hydroxybenzoic acid. Micellar mobile phases were made with the sodium dodecylsulfate and 1-pentanol or isopentanol as modifier. In all cases the negative signs of the coefficients x and y indicate that at transition of the sorbat from the mobile on the stationar y phase the number of surfactant monomers as well as the number of modifier molecules increases in its microenvironment. 

The negative sign indicates the direction of the e.in.f. that opposes the change in the flux and thus the current. 

Taking into consideration the negative sign of the current at point B, the potential at points which are a distance r from A and a distance R from B is... 

Students of professor R. G. Anthony at College Station, TX used a mechanism identical (by chance) to that in UCKRON for derivation of the kinetics. Yet they assumed a model in which the surface reaction controls, and had two temperature dependent terms in the denominator as 13,723 and 18,3 16 cal/mol. Multiplying both the numerator and the denominator with exp(-15,000) would come close to the Ea,/R about 15,000 cal/mol, with a negative sign, and a denominator similar to that in the previously discussed models. 

Note that the negative sign indicates that as q increases, the pore radius r decreases. Integrating this expression over the limits of 0 to q, for rp to r we obtain ... 

The negative sign indieates that the eomponent A is removed from the system, and k is the veloeity eonstant with the units as moles/m -see. Assuming that at time tj the eoneentration of A is C Q ... 

The sign associated with the pressure is opposite to that associated with the normal viscous stress. The usual sign convention assumes that a tensile stress is the positive normal stress so that the pressure, which by definition has compressive normal stress, has a negative sign. 

The negative signs for velocity and flow rate indicate that these are in the opposite direction to the chosen z-direction. 

The negative sign simply means that this is a reduction. 

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