Magnetic components

RS (or BS) theory is driven by the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field, not the electric (as discussed exclusively in the present chapter). 

For large molecules, such as proteins, the main method in use is a 2D technique, called NOESY (nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy). The basic experiment [33, 34] consists of tluee 90° pulses. The first pulse converts die longitudinal magnetizations for all protons, present at equilibrium, into transverse magnetizations which evolve diirhig the subsequent evolution time In this way, the transverse magnetization components for different protons become labelled by their resonance frequencies. The second 90° pulse rotates the magnetizations to the -z-direction. 

The fact that there is a one-to-one relation between the (—1) terms in the diagonal of the topological matrix and the fact that the eigenfunctions flip sign along closed contours (see discussion at the end of Section IV.A) hints at the possibility that these sign flips are related to a kind of a spin quantum number and in particular to its magnetic components. 

The general formula and the individual cases as presented in Eq. (97) indicate that indeed the number of conical intersections in a given snb-space and the number of possible sign flips within this sub-sub-Hilbert space are interrelated, similar to a spin J with respect to its magnetic components Mj. In other words, each decoupled sub-space is now characterized by a spin quantum number J that connects between the number of conical intersections in this system and the topological effects which characterize it. 

Figure 2.1 Plane-polarized electromagnetic radiation travelling along the x axis Ey is the electric component is the magnetic component...

In the process of absorption or emission of infrared radiation involving transitions between two vibrational states the interaction is usually between the molecule and the electric, rather than the magnetic, component of the electromagnetic radiation (see Section 2.1). For this... 

Let us consider the simple equivalent motor circuit diagram as shown earlier in Figure 1.15. The no-load component of the current, / , that feeds the no-load losses of the machine contains a magnetizing component, produces the required magnetic field, (p, , in the stator and the rotor circuits, and develops the rotor torque so that... 

With the availability of phasor control technology, by which one can separate out the active and magnetizing components of the motor s stator current and vary them individually, it is now possible to achieve higher dynamic performance and accuracy of speed control in an a.c. machine similar to and even better than a separately excited d.c. machine. 

Magnetizing component producing the Ilux j (it is the reactive component)... 

Wind the magnetic component using the described physical winding techniques given in Section 3.5.9. 

If the above procedure is executed, the initial design of any magnetic component should take less than 30 minutes. Please refer to the end of Appendix D for the listing of the core manufacturer s websites where the needed information can be downloaded. 

Plane wave An electromagnetic wave with electric and magnetic components perpendicular to, and in phase with, each other. 

Figure 4-6. Representation of the magnetization components A/, A/., and A/,. (A) In presence of field without field H. (B) Immediately after absorption of energy from field Hi. (C) After partial relaxation back to the equilibrium position shown in A.

If the rate of sweep through the resonance frequeney is small (so-called slow passage), a steady-state solution, in which the derivatives are set to zero, is ob-tained. The result expresses M,., and as funetions of cu. These magnetization components are not actually observed, however, and it is more useful to express the solutions in terms of the susceptibility, a complex quantity related to the magnetization. The solutions for the real (x ) and imaginary (x") components then are... 

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