Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms RFLPs

In the past, tens of thousands of microsateUites were identified and a portfolio with genome-wide coverage was developed for genetic linkage studies [32-34], The analysis of microsateUites can be enabled by employing rather simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ampUfication techniques. MicrosateUite marker analysis does 

SNPs are usually defined as single base-pair positions in genomic DNA for which two sequence alternatives-termed alleles -exist, and the frequency of the least abundant allele is greater than 1%. Usually, SNPs are biallelic moreover, about two-thirds of all SNPs are C/T sequence variations, while the final third is shared among the other three types (C/A, C/G, and T/A) with comparable frequencies [37-39]. Sequence changes occurring with a frequency less than 1% are usually referred to as mutations.  

The tremendous effort associated with the generation of a SNP catalog has furthered technology development on a broad scale. Efficient methods for the 

MS plays an important role in the cataloging of SNPs and in assessing allele frequency. The assay formats developed for this purpose are discussed in detail in the next sections. 

SNP-based genome-wide studies have not only been suggested as methods to identify the genetic underpinning of common diseases, but they may also allow for the elucidation of individual responses to drug treatment, which represents another important piece of the puzzle towards individualized medicine. 

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The first human DNA SRM developed by NIST was designed in the late 1980 s to standardize Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) procedures which at that time were very new developments in the application of DNA to forensic analysis. 

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) Variation between individuals in DNA fragment sizes cut by specific restriction enzymes. RFLPs are usually caused by mutation at a cutting site. 

In the formation of the zygote, all mitochondria are contributed by the ovum. Therefore, mtDNA is transmitted by maternal inheritance in a vertical, nonmendelian fashion. Strictly maternal transmission of mtDNA has been documented in humans by studies of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in DNA from platelets. As exemplified by the disorders outlined above,... 

Southern Blot Analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) for Genetic Testing... 

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) For each person, a pair of homologous chromosomes is shown. 

Mapping of eukaryotic chromosomes has involved additional methods which are discussed in Sections E and G,l. These incluse radiation hybrid mapping,104 use of meiotic recombination, identification of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs described in Section E,7), and use of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), short DNA sequences deduced from mRNA molecules transcribed from the DNA.105 106... 

More recently, the forensic application of DNA testing has dramatically enhanced the ability to determine the source of a blood sample. Two procedures are in forensic use restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 

Whereas DNA polymorphisms should be recognizable by sequence differences, it is usually more convenient to detect these polymorphisms by differences in the size of DNA fragments obtained with restriction enzymes. Differences observed in this way are called restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 

Map of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) closely linked to the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene. The inverted triangle near the right-hand end indicates the location of the AF508 mutation characteristic of most persons with cystic fibrosis disease. (Source ... 

Cameron, M.L., Levy, P., Nutman, T., Vanamala, C.R., Narayanan, P.R. and Rajan, T.V. (1988) Use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to distinguish between nematodes of pathogenic significance. Parasitology 96, 381-390. 

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