Sleep disorders restless legs syndrom

S = Sleep disturbances (insomnia, rapid eye movement sleep behavioral disorder, restless legs syndrome)... 

Insomnia secondary to a general medical condition, especially with pain- or sleep-disordered breathing Circadian rhythm disturbance Periodic limb movement disorder Restless legs syndrome... 

In addition to the sleep disturbances that result from normal aging or brain disease, sleep quality may be impaired by primary sleep disorders, some of which occur with increasing prevalence with age. Sleep disordered breathing (sleep apnea), restless legs syndrome (RLS) and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are three such primary sleep disorders that are more prevalent in older adults. 

Measurement of muscle activity, usually measured by electrodes placed on the skin. The EMG is used in sleep research to aid in the discrimination of sleep stages, and also as part of diagnosis of sleep disorders such as periodic limb movements and restless legs syndrome. 

Describe the mechanisms of the sleep disorders covered in this chapter, including insomnia, narcolepsy, restless-legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and parasomnias. 

Restless-legs syndrome occurs in 5% to 15% of the population, making it a common sleep disorder.11,12 The prevalence of RLS increases with age and in various medical conditions such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), pregnancy, and iron deficiency.13 RLS appears to be more common in women than in men and has a genetic link. The majority of RLS patients (63% to 92%) report a positive family history.14... 

Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), originally described by Symonds as nocturnal myoclonus (11), was questioned as being an epileptic equivalent. Lugaresi et al. (12) demonstrated that it was not epileptic in nature and found a close association between it and restless legs syndrome. Guilleminault et al. (13) showed that it may be associated with insomnia, nocturnal sleep disruption, and daytime fatigue. Further studies have shown that periodic limb movements can vary greatly in severity. 

American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) Report Standard of Practice Committee of the AASM Practice parameters for the treatment of restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep 1999 22 961-968. 

Montplaisir J, Nicolas A, Godbout R, Walters A. Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorders. In Kryger NH, Roth T, and Dement WC, eds. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. Philadelphia WB Saunders, 2000 742-752. 

Of the 88 sleep disorders listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (12), the better-known and more prevalent disorders are the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, insomnia, restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder, and narcolepsy (see also Chap. 5).These sleep disorders are common, and are known to interfere with the quality of sleep this chapter addresses the socioeconomic impact of these disorders. 

Montplaisir J, Boucher S, Nicolas A, Lesperance P, Gosselin A, Rompre P, Lavigne G (1998) Immobilization tests and periodic leg movements in sleep for the diagnosis of restless leg syndrome. Mov Disord 13 324-329... 

Banno K, Delaive K, Walld R, Kryger M (2000). Restless legs syndrome in 218 patients associated disorders. Sleep Med 1 221-229... 

Hening W, Allen R, Earley C, Kushida C, Picchietti D, Silber M (1999). The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Review. Sleep 22 970-999... 

Littner M, Kushida C, Anderson M, Bailey D, Berry R, Hirshkowitz M, Kapen S, Kramer M, Lee-Chiong T, Li K et al. (2004) Practice parameters for the dopaminergic treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Leg Movement Disorder. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine report. Standard of Practice Committe of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep 22 557-559... 

Tabbal SD (2002) Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Chapter 26. In T Lee-Chiong, MJ Sateia, MA Carskadon (eds) Sleep Medicine. Hanley Belfus, Philadelphia, PA, 225-236... 

The primary sleep disorders found in elderly that may lead to sleep disturbances are (1) circadian rhythm disturbances (CRD) (2) sleep disordered breathing (SDB) (3) insomnia and (4) restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. 

Barthlen G (2002) Sleep disorders - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, restless legs syndrome, and insomnia in geriatric patients. Geriatrics 57 34—39... 

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder that usually occurs prior to sleep onset and is characterised by disagreeable sensations, that cause an almost irresistible urge to move the legs. The sensation is... 

Restless legs syndrome is a disorder characterized by restlessness of the legs during sleep. It also is treated with medication such as clonazepam, levodopa, per-golide, or bromocripfine. 

A sleep disorder that is not endogenous or due to a medical condition or substance-related condition is categorized as not otherwise specified. Restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movements are two sleep disturbances that do not meet criteria for any of the other sleep disorders. 

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