Physiological manifestations

When severe anxiety is present, it is important to obtain the history from a family member or friend. During the time the history is taken, the nurse observes the patient for behavioral symptoms indicating anxiety (eg, psychomotor agitation [extreme restlessness], facial grimaces, tense posture). Physiologic manifestations of anxiety include increased blood... 

Smith PL. Kagey-Sobotka A. Blecker ER. Traystman R, Kaplan AP. Gralink H. Valentine MD. Permut S. Lichtenstein LM Physiologic manifestations of human anaphylaxis. J Clin Invest 1980 60 1072. Stark BJ. Sullivan TJ Biphasic and protracted anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986 78 76-83. Sullivan TJ Cardiac disorders in penicillin-induced anaphylaxis association with intravenous epinephrine therapy. JAMA 1982 248 2161. 

R, Kaplan A. Gralnick H, et al Physiologic manifestations of human anaphylaxis. J Clin Invest 1980 66 1072-1080. 

In 285 surgical patients, respiratory stimulation was safely performed with doxapram, especially with small, frequently repeated doses. Adverse effects included neuromuscular signs of excessive central nervous system stimulation in a very few patients at 1 mg/kg. Seven patients had excitement and there was tremor in three and rigidity in two. Coughing, laryngospasm, and salivation are probably physiological manifestations of the return of protective reflexes secondary to arousal (11). 

Physiological manifestations of hyperarousal symptoms for at least 1 month, such as insomnia, irritability, impaired concentration, hyper-vigilance and increased startle reactions (10,27)... 

Oliver JW. Physiological manifestations of endophyte toxicosis in ruminant and laboratory species. In Bacon CW, Hill NS, eds. Neotyphodium/Giass Interactions. New York Plenum Press, 1997, pp 311-346. 

Operationalism, then, which uses external, physical, and behavioral criteria, is inadequate for dealing with many of the most important phenomena of d-ASCs. Most of the phenomena that define d-ASCs are internal and may never show obvious behavioral or physiological manifestations. 

Iodine deficiency affects the socioeconomic development of an afflicted community in other ways than its important physiological manifestations, viz., goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, reproductive failure, and child mortality, among others. The socioeconomic retardation of the affected community occurs in two ways. People are mentally slower and less vigorous, so it is harder to educate and motivate them, and thus they are less productive in their work. Besides, iodine deficiency produces more handicapped individuals who depend on others for their care, which in turn diverts the community resources. Secondly, in most of the areas, agriculture is the most important economic activity, and domestic animals suffer from iodine deficiency in much the same way as people do. Therefore, domestic animals are smaller in size and produce less meat, eggs and wool. They also suffer from abortion and are often sterile. 

Naturally, the fundamental principles of human physiology manifest themselves in the respective sensory, neuromuscular, information-processing, and life-sustaining systems and impact approaches to measurement. In addition, psychological considerations are vital. Familiarization with this material is essential to measurement in rehabihtation however, treatment here is far beyond the scope of this chapter. The numerous reference works available may be most readily found by consulting relevant chapters in this Handbook and the works that they reference. In this section, hey principles that are more specific to measurement and of general apphcabihty are presented. 

The decline in fractional rates of protein synthesis and degradation could be the molecular basis for many of the physiological manifestations of ageing (Makrides 1983 Richardson and Cheung 1982 Holehan and Merry 1986) but the relationships between age in ectotherms, protein turnover and the ability to repair damage remain to be investigated. 

Okuda T, Yoshida T, Shiota N, Nobuhara J (1975) L-3-Carboxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-P-carboline, a new amino acid from the seeds of Aleurites fordii. Phytochemistry 14 2304-2305 Oliver JW (1997) Physiological manifestations of endophyte toxicosis in ruminant and laboratory species. In Bacon CW, Hill NS (eds) NeotyphodiumJg[as interactions. Plenum Press, New York, pp 311-345... 

The workings of brain are very complicated. Hence, there is a complicated, yet to be understood, often convoluted relationship between the basic chemical interactions of a neurotransmitter or a drug with the receptor and the physiological manifestation, e.g., psychic effects. Chemistry can suggest only the basic mechanisms. 

Beaumont studied the physiologic manifestation of digestion and produced a classic text on the subject in 1833. Despite his lack of training as a physiologist and his relatively unsophisticated medical background, Beaumont s work remained a model on the subject. In essence, by 1833, Beaumont had been able to outline the basic prindples of digestion in a human and establish the presence of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. 

Vitamin D is a relatively minor constituent in biological extracts, although its physiological manifestations are of significant magnitude. 

Even though the disrupted areas may be small, their physiological manifestations could be significant. Normal functioning of the neuronal membranes requires that the correct ionic gradients be maintained. In the RC description of gated ionic transport, there is a capacitive component, the lipid bilayer, and a switchable resistive component, the specific ionophore. One such RC system is the Cl specific ionophore in... 

---