Disorders restless legs syndrome

S = Sleep disturbances (insomnia, rapid eye movement sleep behavioral disorder, restless legs syndrome)... 

Insomnia secondary to a general medical condition, especially with pain- or sleep-disordered breathing Circadian rhythm disturbance Periodic limb movement disorder Restless legs syndrome... 

Measurement of muscle activity, usually measured by electrodes placed on the skin. The EMG is used in sleep research to aid in the discrimination of sleep stages, and also as part of diagnosis of sleep disorders such as periodic limb movements and restless legs syndrome. 

Describe the mechanisms of the sleep disorders covered in this chapter, including insomnia, narcolepsy, restless-legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and parasomnias. 

Restless-legs syndrome occurs in 5% to 15% of the population, making it a common sleep disorder.11,12 The prevalence of RLS increases with age and in various medical conditions such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), pregnancy, and iron deficiency.13 RLS appears to be more common in women than in men and has a genetic link. The majority of RLS patients (63% to 92%) report a positive family history.14... 

One of the metabolites of bupropion, radafaxine (GW 353162, 25), is being studied as a treatment for obesity in clinic trials [76]. It is also reported to be in clinical development for restless leg syndrome, neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder and fibromyalgia [68]. 

Garcia-Borreguero D et al Augmentation as a treatment complication of restless legs syndrome Concept and management. Mov Disord 2007 22(Suppl 18) S476. 

Involuntary movement disorders also respond well to this class of drugs. These include restless leg syndrome, akathisia associated with neuroleptic use, choreiform disorders, and myoclonus. 

Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), originally described by Symonds as nocturnal myoclonus (11), was questioned as being an epileptic equivalent. Lugaresi et al. (12) demonstrated that it was not epileptic in nature and found a close association between it and restless legs syndrome. Guilleminault et al. (13) showed that it may be associated with insomnia, nocturnal sleep disruption, and daytime fatigue. Further studies have shown that periodic limb movements can vary greatly in severity. 

Montplaisir J, Boucher S, Poirier G, Lavigne G, Lapierre O, Lesperance P. Clinical polysomnographic and genetic characteristics of restless leg syndrome a study of 133 patients diagnosed with new standard criteria. Movement Disord 1997 12 61-65. 

Trenkwalder C, Hening WA, Walters AS, Campbell SS, Rahman K, Chokroverty S. Circadian rhythm of periodic limb movements and sensory symptoms of restless legs syndrome. Movement Disord 1999 14 102-110. 

American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) Report Standard of Practice Committee of the AASM Practice parameters for the treatment of restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Sleep 1999 22 961-968. 

Montplaisir J, Nicolas A, Godbout R, Walters A. Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorders. In Kryger NH, Roth T, and Dement WC, eds. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. Philadelphia WB Saunders, 2000 742-752. 

Lang A. Akathisia and the restless legs syndrome. In Jankovic J, Tolosa E, eds. Parkinson s Disease and Movement Disorders. Baltimore Williams Wilkins, 1993 399—418. 

Of the 88 sleep disorders listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (12), the better-known and more prevalent disorders are the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, insomnia, restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder, and narcolepsy (see also Chap. 5).These sleep disorders are common, and are known to interfere with the quality of sleep this chapter addresses the socioeconomic impact of these disorders. 

Ohayon MM, Roth T. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population. J Psychosom Res 2002 53 547-554. 

Cabergoline, bromocriptine, and pergolide have been used in Parkinson s disease to improve motor function and reduce levodopa requirements as discussed in Chapter 28 Pharmacologic Management of Parkinsonism Other Movement Disorders. Cabergoline has also been effective in restless legs syndrome. 

Walters AS (1995) Toward a better definition of restless legs syndrome. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Mov Disord 10 634—642... 

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