Respiratory tract/system

Workers exposed to unspecified concentrations developed slight irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Systemic effects have not been reported from industrial exposure. 

A. Acute exposure causes irritation of the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract. Systemic absorption may cause headache, vomiting, weakness, and lethargy. Profound sweating, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, convulsions, and coma are associated with severe or fatal poisonings. Pulmonary edema may occur. Death is usually caused by cardiovascular collapse or hyperthermia. After death an extremely rapid onset of rigor mortis is frequently reported. Dinitrophenol may also induce methemoglobinemia, liver and kidney failure, and yellow-stained skin. 

I. Mechanism of toxicity. Phenol denatures protein, dismpts the cell wall, and produces coagulative necrosis. It may cause corrosive injury to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Systemic absorption causes CNS stimulation. The mechanism of CNS intoxication is not known. Some phenolic compounds (eg, dinitrophenol and hydroquinone) may induce hemolysis and methemoglobinemia (see p 261). 

Allyl alcohol (2-propen-1-ol [CAS 107-18-6]) Strongly irritating to eyes and skin severe burns may result. Vapors highly irritating to eyes and respiratory tract. Systemic poisoning can result from dermal exposures. May cause liver and kidney injury. 0.5 ppm, S 20 ppm 4 3 1 Colorless liquid. Mustard-like odor and irritation occur near the TLV and serve as good warning properties. Vapor pressure is 17 mm Hg at 20°C (68°F). Flammable. Used in chemical synthesis and as a pesticide. 

Phosphorus oxychloride (CAS 10025-87-3) Reacts with moisture to reiease phosphoric ahd hydrochioric acids highiy corrosive upon direct contact, Fumes extremeiy irritating to eyes and respiratory tract, Systemic effects inciude headache, dizziness, and dyspnea. Kidney toxicity may occur. 

Hydraziae is toxic and readily absorbed by oral, dermal, or inhalation routes of exposure. Contact with hydraziae irritates the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Liquid splashed iato the eyes may cause permanent damage to the cornea. At high doses it can cause convulsions, but even low doses may result ia ceatral aervous system depressioa. Death from acute exposure results from coavulsioas, respiratory arrest, and cardiovascular coUapse. Repeated exposure may affect the lungs, Hver, and kidneys. Of the hydraziae derivatives studied, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) appears to be the least hepatotoxic monomethyl-hydrazine (MMH) seems to be more toxic to the kidneys. Evidence is limited as to the effect of hydraziae oa reproductioa and/or development however, animal studies demonstrate that only doses that produce toxicity ia pregaant rats result ia embryotoxicity (164). 

Propylene oxide is a primary irritant, a mild protoplasmic poison, and a mild depressant of the central nervous system. Skin contact, even in dilute solution (1%), may cause irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract, and lungs. Propylene oxide is a suspected carcinogen in animals. The LC q (lowest lethal concentration by inhalation in tats) is 4000 mg/kg body weight. The LD q (oral) is 930 mg/kg. The LD q (dermal) is 1500 mg/kg. The TWA (8-h exposure) is 100 ppm and the STEP (15-min exposure) is 150 ppm. 

Tlie respiratory system is tlie main target organ for vapour, gas or mist. Readily-soluble cheirticals, e.g. chlorine or phosgene, attack the upper respiratory tract less soluble gases, e.g. oxides of nitrogen, penetrate more deeply into the conducting airways and, in some cases, may cause pulmonary oedema, often after a time delay. 

Health Hazard Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Goggles or face shield plastic gloves (as for gasoline) Symptoms Following Exposure Vapor causes mild irritation of eyes and mild Irritation of respiratory tract if inhaled. Ingestion causes irritation to stomach. Aspiration causes severe lung irritation and rapidly developing pulmonary edema central nervous system excitement... 

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