Resist materials unique properties required

Owing to their almost complete resistance to corrosion, stoneware and porcelain occupy a unique position as materials in the chemical industry. Stoneware bodies can be compounded from many different raw materials to give the properties required and to permit the manufacture of articles up to a considerable size. Porcelain, on the other hand, is not generally used for very large articles, but owing to its completely vitreous nature it normally shows a much greater resistance to corrosion than does stoneware. 

JL olymers are increasingly being used in a wide variety of applications in electronics and photonics, most of which use polymers in their traditional role as engineering materials (e.g., circuit boards, molded products, wire and cable insulation, encapsulants, and adhesives). In addition, many other unique applications require material properties that only polymers can provide. Examples include resist materials for the lithographic fabrication of integrated circuits (1C) and polymers for optical recording. These types of applications may be considered passive in the sense that the polymer does not play an active role in the operation of the device or circuit. Rather, it serves some other function such as mechanical support, electrical insulation, or in the case of resists, some intermediate function in the fabrication of the device. 

ITO is currently the material used as the transparent electrode in most optoelectronic devices because of its excellent conductivity and transparency properties (Hecht et al., 2011), with a sheet resistance (Rs) on the order of lOQ/sq at approximately 90% transparency (T) (Bel Hadj Tahar et al., 1998). However, the increasing price and scarcity of the indium in ITO and the brittleness of ITO paper make ITO unsuitable for next-generation electronics that require large-scale and low-cost manufacturing and the ability to be mechanically compliant. In contrast, CNTs are an ideal candidate for electrodes for these devices because of their unique properties, such as high conductivity, solution processability, flexibihty, and the potential for production at low cost. 

These rubbers are completely synthetic materials with wide applications. They comprise two types, heat-vulcanizing and RTV. Both types have unique properties unobtainable with organic rubbers, particularly where superior endurance and extended life expectancy are required. Silicone elastomers maintain their usefulness from -101 °C to 316 °C. Resistance to oxidation, oils, and chemicals is high... 

The use of silicone elastomers for high-voltage applications (insulators and cable accessories) requires special formulations. Unusually, stringent requirements for these materials must be met.509,510 Fluorosilicone rubbers, which offer some unique combinations of properties (e.g., chemical resistance and higher temperature stability), have attracted considerable attention and have been reviewed in recent publications.511,512 It was noted that a modification of perfluoroether elastomers with silicone elastomer via hydrosilylation reaction opens the possibility of novel applications.5... 

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