Residual accommodation

In whites maximum cycloplegia occurs 30 to 60 minutes after instillation of two drops of 0.5% solution or one drop of 1% solution.The residual accommodation measured subjectively ranges between 0.50 D and 1.75 D, with an average of 1.25 D. However, it was reported that in patients with light irides, clinically acceptable cycloplegia may occur as early as 10 minutes after instillation of one... 

Figure 9-6 Mean residual accommodation after tropic-amide instillation over the period of maximum cycloplegia. (Reprinted with permission from Pollack SL, Hunt JS, Poise KA. Dose-response effects of tropicamide HCl. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1981 58 361-366.)...

Figure 9-7 Average residual accommodation (measured subjectively) after instillation of 1% tropicamide, 1% cyclopentolate, or 4% homatropine in adult patients. (Reprinted with permission from Gettes BC, Belmont O. Tropicamide comparative cycloplegic effects. Arch Ophthalmol 1961 66 336-340. Copyright 1961, American Medical Association.)...

The time course of cycloplegia for tropicamide and cyclopentolate in adult subjects aged 20 to 30 years was studied.The data indicated that one drop of 0.5% or 1.0% tropicamide leaves as much as 28% to 40% of baseline accommodation active at 20 minutes after drug instillation when residual accommodation is determined by subjective methods. In contrast, cyclopentolate 0.5% or 1.0% induced a deeper and more stable level of cycloplegia within the same period when the same measurement methods were used. 

Residual Accommodation (in Diopters) by the Subjective Push-Up Method After Instillation of Two Drops of 1% Tropicamide in One Eye and 1% Cyclopentolate or 5% Homatropine in the Fellow Eye... 

The residual accommodation of various cycloplegics relative to 1% atropine was compared.The cycloplegic drugs were considered to be efficacious if the residual accommodation was less than 2.50D at the time of cycloplegic retinoscopy. It was found that two drops of 1% tropicamide was effective in 79% of whites and in 69% of African-Americans, as long as retinoscopy was performed within 20 to 35 minutes after instillation. If retinoscopy was performed after 35 minutes, the effectiveness of cycloplegia quickly became inadequate. One drop of 1% cyclopentolate was effective in 83% of cases with... 

Cycloplegic Agent Commonly Used Concentration (%) Onset of Maximum Cycloplegic Effect Duration of Cycloplegic Effect Relative Residual Accommodation... 

Figure 16 Overiay of human DDAH-1 structures bound to the product L-citrulline (tan) and A/ -(2-methoxyethyl)-L-arginine (22) (biue). Protein residues are shown as stick models and ligands as ball-and-stick models. Rearrangements of active-site Leu, His, and Arg residues accommodate the inhibitor, and hold the guanidinium in a nonproductive orientation. The figure was constructed using coordinates from PDB accession codes 2JAJ and 2JAI, respectively.

The sequence space of proteins is extremely dense. The number of possible protein sequences is 20. It is clear that even by the fastest combinatorial procedure only a very small fraction of such sequences could have been synthesized. Of course, not all of these sequences will encode protein stmctures which for functional purjDoses are constrained to have certain characteristics. A natural question that arises is how do viable protein stmctures emerge from the vast sea of sequence space The two physical features of folded stmctures are (l)in general native proteins are compact but not maximally so. (2) The dense interior of proteins is largely made up of hydrophobic residues and the hydrophilic residues are better accommodated on the surface. These characteristics give the folded stmctures a lower free energy in comparison to all other confonnations. 

Heavy Hydrocarbon-Based Partial Oxidation Processes. Two major partial oxidation processes are commercially available, the SheU process (38) and the Texaco process (39). Operating conditions in the gas generator vary from 1200°C to 1370°C and from 3100 kPa to 8270 kPa (450—1200 psig). Generally, heavy oils are the hydrocarbon feeds however, the process can also accommodate feeds from natural gas to residual oils. 

The majority of today s turbines arc fueled wth natural gas or No. 2 distillate oil. Recently there has been increased interest in the burning of nonstandard liquid fuel oils or applications where fuel treatment is desirable. Gas turbines have been engineered to accommodate a wide spectrum of fuels. Over the years, units have been equipped to burn liquid fuels, including naphtha various grades of distillate, crude oils, and residual oils and blended, coal-derived liquids. Many of these nonstandard fuels require special provisions. For example, light fuels like naphtha require modifications Co the fuel handling system to address high volatility and poor lubricity properties. 

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