Reserves, classification

US stock exchanges based on the probabilistic approach, requiring the report of only proved reserves they, nonetheless, also allow scope for some discretion. In conclusion, it can be said that, so far, there are no international requirements or standards in place regarding reserve classification and reporting, and the methodologies used for reserve estimates seem to vary according to their purpose as a result, reserve data are often referred to as political data . The consequences are inconsistency and controversy about the future supply of oil and gas. 

Note This term is equivalent to "Demonstrated Reserves" as defined in the resource/ reserve classification contained in the United States Geological Survey, Ci rcular 831,1980. Demonstrated reserves include measured and indicated reserves but exclude inferred reserves. 

FIG. 20-71 Classification of agglomeration processes by agitation intensity and compaction pressure. Relative density is with respect to primary particle density and equals (1 — e) where e is the solid volume fraction. Reprinted from Granulation and Coating Technologies for High-Value-Added Industties, Ennis and Litster (1996) with permission of E G Associates. All rights reserved. 

Class D Fires. The last classification is reserved for fires occurring in combustible metals such as niagnesium, litliium, sodium, and aluminum. Class D fires require special e.xliiiguisliiiig metliods and agents, such as the grapliite-based type. 

Figure 11-23. Refrigerant safety group classification, per ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-1992, also see Table 11-3B. Used by permission ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-1992 including Addenda 34a-o and 34q-x, p. 5, 1992, 1996. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Classification of gas reserves and resources recommended by the World Petroleum Congress in 1987... 

Classification des reserves et ressources en gaz recomandee par le Congres mondial du petrole en 1987... 

Explosive chemicals tend to be governed by separate legislation, e.g., in the UK, The Classification and Labelling of Explosives Regulations 1983. These require the HSE to classify any explosive before it may be supplied. Under the scheme, explosives are labelled according to a classification based on hazard division (Table 12.7), and on compatibility (Table 12.8), which takes into account their sensitivity, explosivity and chemical nature. Labels are diamond shaped the top half is reserved for the pictograph and division number, the bottom half shows the hazard code and the classification number. Figure 12.1 shows the label for Class 1, Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosive. 

MAO Is have not been evaluated systematically for treatment of PD under the current diagnostic classification and generally are reserved for patients who are refractory to other treatments.48,49 MAOIs have significant side effects that limit adherence. Additionally, patients must adhere to dietary restriction of tyramine and avoid sympathomimetic drugs to avoid hypertensive crisis. 

Creams are semisolid emulsion systems having a creamy appearance as the result of reflection of light from their emulsified phases. This contrasts them with simple ointments, which are translucent. Little agreement exists among professionals as to what constitutes a cream, and thus the term has been applied both to absorption bases containing emulsified water (w/o emulsions) and to semisolid o/w systems, which are physicochemically totally different, strictly because of their similar creamy appearances. Logically, classification of these systems should be based on their physical natures, in which case absorption bases would be ointments and the term cream could be reserved exclusively for semisolid o/w systems, which in all instances derive their structures from their emulsifiers and internal phases. 

Pigments are classified by an internationally recognised convention, published in the International Colour Index by the Society of Dyers and Colourists in Bradford, in association with the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. The Index issues a generic name to chemically identical products (e.g., titanium dioxide is classified as C.I. Pigment White 6). Where structures are known, pigments are also given a constitution number (e.g., titanium dioxide has the constitution number Cl 77891).This number is reserved for the essential colorant, other ingredients, such as the carriers used in a masterbatch, do not affect this classification. 

Brucine, 2 74 Brucite, 15 321, 323, 399 reserves of, 15 322 Brugnatelli, Luigi, 9 760 Brunauer classification of adsorption isotherms, 1 591... 

The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the World Petroleum Congress (WPC) developed a probabilistic hydrocarbon-resource classification scheme, that takes into account the probability with which a reserve can be produced (SPE, 2007) 4 but such a probabilistic assessment is also subject to a potential level of misinterpretation.5 Finally, as for resources, very few estimates exist, and those estimates that do exist are also subject to considerable uncertainty and the speculative character is even more pronounced than for reserves.6 BGR (2003) refers to resources as those quantities that are geologically demonstrated, but at present... 

UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) (2007). United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Resources, www.unece. org/ie/se/reserves.html. 

There is no unity of opinion in the literature concerning a classification, i.e, whether to call these transformations aza-Claisen or aza-Cope rearrangements. It is accepted that the term aza-Claisen should be reserved only for those processes in which a carbon atom in the allyl vinyl ether system has been replaced by nitrogen357. Three different types of aliphatic 3-aza-Cope reactions which were studied theoretically are the rearrangements of 3-aza-l,5-hexadienes (610, equation 262), 3-azonia-l,5-hexadienes (611, equation 263) and 3-aza-l,2,5-hexatrienes (612, equation 264) (the latter is a ketenimine rearrangement )357. 

Vogtle has suggested that synthetic ionophores be classified as follows (21) cor-onands are macromonocyclic compounds with any heteroatoms cryptands are bi- and polymacrocyclic ligands with any heteroatoms and podands are acyclic coronand and cryptand analogs. The term crown ether is reserved for coronands with only oxygens as heteroatoms. Such a classification will be used hereafter. 

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