Colour International

About 20,000 tons of ultramarines are produced worldwide. The largest manufacturers are Dainichi Seika (Japan), Nubiola (Spain), and Reckitts Colours International (RCI) based in Hull (U.K.), where Isaac Reckitt first began making laundry blue in the 1850s. HoUiday Chemical Hoi dings (HCH of Huddersfield, U.K.) purchased RCI in 1994 (43). 

For syntheses of anthraquinone from phthalic anhydride compare Chap. IX. 6, p. 352. As a dye alizarin is very important. This is due to its power of forming very stable beautifully coloured internally complex diphenoxides with the hydroxides of plurivalent metals (Cu, Sn, Cr, Fe, Al). The best known is the bright red aluminium lake Turkey red . 

Visual Marshmallow shape, matte surface, ants, overflow chocolate, brown colour Internal surface, snap-fit lid Orange shape, matte surfaee, tissue paper chamber, compartments, transparent side of compartment, snap-fit lid Chocolate shape, matte surface, stickman-shaped tissue paper container, temporary waste storage, snap-fit lid Shark shape, glossy surface, transparent eyes, inbuilt cutter, screw lock lid Tooth shape, glossy surface, toothpasteshaped tissue paper container, snap-fit lid Pillow-shaped container, biscuitshaped lid, matte icy surface, translucent container, snap-fit lid... 

Poor cable retention. The outer sheath of the power cable must be secured and enter the plug at one end and the equipment at the other. The coloured internal conductors must not be visible at either end. 

Board, P. W. and Elbourne, R. G. P., Pitting Corrosion in Plain Cans Containing Acid Foods , Food Techno ., 19, 1571 (1965) C.A., 64, 2661c Voogel, P., Pit Corrosion of Internally Painted Cargo and Cargo/Ballast Tanks of Oceangoing Crude Oil Tankers , J. Oil Colour Chemists Assoc., 48, 597 (1965)... 

Barrett and his colleagues , and Kosakhave summarised existing information on the scales formed on nickel-chromium alloys. Up to about 10% Cr, the thick black scale is composed of a double layer, the outer layer being nickel oxide and the inner porous layer a mixture of nickel oxide with small amounts of the spinel NiO CrjOj. Internal oxidation causes the formation of a subscale consisting of chromium oxide particles embedded in the nickel-rich matrix. At 10-20% Cr the scale is thinner and grey coloured and consists of chromium oxide and spinel with the possible presence of some nickel oxide. At about 25-30% Cr a predominantly chromium oxide scale is... 

Nowadays, however, zinc-coated steel sheets, either continuously galvanised or electroplated, are often used as a basis material for overcoating with plastic materials or paints. The coatings are usually applied continuously and have a range of uses both externally and internally. Many surface finishes are obtainable, e.g. plain or embossed, and in an extensive range of colours, to suit almost any requirement . 

Deposits from all-chloride solution Nickel deposits from a solution of nickel chloride and boric acid are harder, stronger and have a finer grain size than deposits from Watts solution. Lower tank voltage is required for a given current density and the deposit is more uniformly distributed over a cathode of complex shape than in Watts solution, but the deposits are dark coloured and have such high, tensile, internal stress that spontaneous cracking may occur in thick deposits. There is therefore little industrial use of all-chloride solutions. 

B. Self-indicating reagents. This is well illustrated by potassium permanganate, one drop of which will impart a visible pink coloration to several hundred millilitres of solution, even in the presence of slightly coloured ions, such as iron(III). The colours of cerium(IV) sulphate and of iodine solutions have also been employed in the detection of end points, but the colour change is not so marked as for potassium permanganate here, however, sensitive internal... 

Stoicescu and Dimonie103 studied the polymerization of 2-vinylfuran with iodine in methylene chloride between 20 and 50 °C. The time-conversion curves were not analysed for internal orders but external orders with respect to catalyst and monomer were both unity. Together with an overall activation energy of 2.5 kcal/mole for the polymerization process, these were the only data obtained. Observations about the low DP s of the products, their dark colour, their lack of bound iodine and the presence of furan rings in the oligomers, inferred by infrared spectra (not reported), completed the experimental evidence. The authors proposed a linear, vinylic structure for the polymer, and a true cationic mechanism for its formation and discussed the occurrence of an initial charge-transfer complex on the... 

Holst, S., Natural colors for food and beverages. FoodMktg. Technol, 14, 14, 2000. Sanoner, P. et al.. Colouring hydrosoluble yellow preparation derived from dehydro-chalcones. International Patent WO 2005/049598, 2005. 

Pigments are classified by an internationally recognised convention, published in the International Colour Index by the Society of Dyers and Colourists in Bradford, in association with the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. The Index issues a generic name to chemically identical products (e.g., titanium dioxide is classified as C.I. Pigment White 6). Where structures are known, pigments are also given a constitution number (e.g., titanium dioxide has the constitution number Cl 77891).This number is reserved for the essential colorant, other ingredients, such as the carriers used in a masterbatch, do not affect this classification. 

Melanin from natural sources falls into two general classes. The first component is pheomelanin (I), which has a yellow-to-reddish brown colour, and is found in red feathers and red hair. The other component is eumelanin (which has two principal components, II and III). Eumelanin is a dark brown-black compound, and is found in skin, hair, eyes, and some internal membranes, and in the feathers of birds and scales of fish. Melanin is particularly conspicuous in the black dermal melanocytes (pigment cells) of dark-skinned peoples and in dark hair and is conspicuous in the freckles, and moles of people with lighter skins. 

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