Reserve cells lithium-thionyl chloride

Lithium-thionyl chloride cells are also constructed as reserve batteries... 

FIGURE 19.7 Quarter cross-sectional view of the cell stack of a lithium/thionyl chloride reserve battery. Courtesy of Alliant Power Sources Company.)... 

W. J. Eppley and R. J. Horning, Lithium/Thionyl Chloride Reserve Cell Development, Proc. 28th... 

Lithium-thionyl chloride reserve cells have recently been introduced. They have the advantage of a 10-20 year shelf life. Military applications include missiles. 

The types of lithium-thionyl chloride reserve and active (non-reserve) cells currently available from Honeywell are shown in Tables 56.9 and 56.10. These include cells with capacities up to 17000 Ah. 

Other suppliers of lithium-thionyl chloride cells include reserve type Yardney GJS), Philips USFA BV (Holland), Power Conversion Ltd (US), SAFT. Silberkraft, (Germany) and Sonnenschein, (Germany) active type Battery Enginccnng Co. (US), Crompton Eternaceil (UK), Electrochemical Industries (Japan), Hitachi Maxell (Japan), Power Conversion Ltd (US), Tadiram (Korea), Yardney (US) and Eveready (US). 

Lithium batteries use nonaqueous solvents for the electrolyte because of the reactivity of lithium in aqueous solutions. Organic solvents such as acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, and dimethoxyethane and inorganic solvents such as thionyl chloride are typically employed. A compatible solute is added to provide the necessary electrolyte conductivity. (Solid-state and molten-salt electrolytes are also used in some other primary and reserve lithium cells see Chaps. 15, 20, and 21.) Many different materials were considered for the active cathode material sulfur dioxide, manganese dioxide, iron disulfide, and carbon monofluoride are now in common use. The term lithium battery, therefore, applies to many different types of chemistries, each using lithium as the anode but differing in cathode material, electrolyte, and chemistry as well as in design and other physical and mechanical features. 

More recently, spin-dependent liquid-electrolyte reserve batteries employing lithium anodes have been developed. The most promising system is that in which thionyl chloride serves in the dual role of electrolyte carrier and active cathodic depolarizer (see Chap. 20). The accepted cell reaction for this system is... 

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