Reserve cells

No neoplastic effect was observed in rats exposed to 0, 15, 45, or 135ppm for 6 hours/ day, 5 days/week for 2 years. Dose-related changes, which include atrophy of the neurogenic epithelial cells and hyperplasia of the reserve cells, mainly affected the anterior part of the olfactory epithelium. In the high-dose group there was opacity of the cornea. After a 6-month postexposure period reconstructive effects were observed in both tissues. 

No exposure-related clinical signs or lesions of systemic toxicity and no oncogenic responses were observed in rats exposed by inhalation at concentrations of 0, 15, 45, or 135ppm 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 24 consecutive months." Dose-related changes occurred in the anterior portion of the olfactory epithelium and consisted of atrophy of the neurogenic epithelial cells followed by progressive hyperplasia of the reserve cells and ultimately loss of the upper epithelial cell layer. Opacity and neovascularization of the cornea were also observed in methyl acrylate-exposed animals. 

Fig. 3.33 Discharge curve for sea water-activated magnesium-silver chloride reserve cell...

Fig. 4.36 Cross-section of a lithium-ihionyl chloride reserve cell. (By courtesy of Tadiran.)...

The last type of reserve cell is the thermally activated cell, lhe older designs use calcium or magnesium anodes newer types use lithium alloys as anodes. 

The crustacean cuticle is made of chitin and protein and has an outer tanned epicuticle within which lies a tanned and calcified exocuticle. The thickest layer is the inner endocuticle which is heavily calcified but contains no tanned problems. The inside of the exoskeleton is formed by a membranous layer which is neither tanned nor mineralized but which covers the cellular epidermis. This layer contains a variety of cell types including melanophores and epidermal cells but the secretion of the exoskeleton is mainly performed by the cuticle-secreting cells and the associated intra-epidermal or reserve cells. The exoskeleton is penetrated by tegumental ducts and by pore canals. The first of these carry secretions from glands through the thickness of the cuticle while the latter may consist of 50—90 fine protoplasmic extensions of each cuticle-secreting cell penetrating the exoskeleton at a density of about 4 X 10 pore canals mm". ... 

Histologically, MEC carcinoma has three cellular components mucus cells, epidermoid cells, and intermediate cells. Mucus cells can be either clear cells that contain glycogen or mucin or goblet-like cells that are columnar and contain abundant mucin, which can be prominent in low-grade tumors. Epidermoid cells have eosinophilic cytoplasm. Keratin production should be sparse. Intermediate cells can be either basal cells or larger cells that have a transitional appearance between squamous and mucin secreting cells. Clear cells, columnar cells, and reserve cells make up minor components of MEC. ° Occasionally, MECs can be oncocytic, and these are referred to as oncocytic variant of... 

Grayson W, Taylor LF, Cooper K. Adenoid cystic and adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix Comparative morphologic, mucin, and immunohistochemical profile of two rare neoplasms of putative reserve cell origin. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999 23 448-458. 

Giwa, C. O., Feasibriity study of suUbne-based electrolytes for a medium-temperature reserve cell concept, J. Power Sources 1993, 42, 389-397. 

The hot water procedure will extract free monosaccharides and soluble polysaccharides, such as starches and reserve cell material. Hydrolysis of more labile a-1,4 linked polysaccharides may occur during the extraction procedure at near-neutral pH and add to the pool of monosaccharides. Estimations of the monosaccharide contents of aqueous extracts follow the method earlier described after suitable dilution to attain the analytical range, which depends on the amount of extracted particulate matter. In regions of high productivity dilution up to 10-fold with distilled water may be necessary. Oligo- and polysaccharide contents of aqueous extracts may be determined after hydrol3rsis as outlined earlier. 

Despite these reservations, cell and animal models are effective in identifying particular bioactive phytochemicals that are good candidates to underpin the health benefits of fruit and vegetables, even if the nature of the mechanistic basis is questionable. 

U/V2O5 3.3 High energy density two-step discharge used in reserve cells (Chap. 20). 

Recently the use of excess AICI3, a Lewis acid, in the conventional LiAlCl4 in SOClj electrolyte solution was shown to improve the rate capability of the Li/SOCl2 system. It should be noted, however, that the inherent stability of this high-rate electrolyte has yet to be established so as to ensure its application in reserve cells. 

FIGURE 20.2 Cross section of Li/SOClj A-size reserve cell. Courtesy ofTadiran Industries, Ltd.)... 

FIGURE 20.3 Cross section of Li/VjO, reserve cell. Alliant model G2659. Courtesy of Alliant Techsystems, Inc.)... 

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