Reserve base

Fluorspar Supply. Production costs of hydrogen fluoride are heavily dependent on raw materials, particularly fluorspar, and significant changes have occurred in this area. Identified world fluorspar resources amount to approximately 400 x 10 metric tons of fluorspar (40). Of these 400 X 10 t, however, only 243 x 10 t are considered reserves and an additional 93 x 10 t is considered reserve base, ie, recoverable at higher market... 

Reserve data are based on demonstrated reserve base. Minable reserves differ from these figures. 

The wodd reserves of lead are estimated at 71 x 10 t and scattered around the wodd (1). Over one-third (25 x 10 t) of this total is located in North America where the United States has, in units of 10 t, 14 Canada, 7 Mexico, 3 and other sources, 1. South America has 2 Europe, 11 Africa, 4 and Austraha, 14 X 10 t. In Asia, the former Soviet Union has 9 and the People s RepubHc of China has 6 x 10 t. The recovery of lead from scrap is of prime importance in supplying U.S. demands so that the entire reserve base is estimated at 120 x 10 t. Total wodd resources are estimated at 1.4 x 10 t. 

World Reserves and Resources. A summary of demonstrated and inferred worldwide reserves of lithium is given in Table 2. The reserve base and the lithium equivalent represent resources in the ground. An overall lithium recoverabiUty of 65% for pegmatites and 33% for brines must be apphed to these values to estabUsh the amount of lithium that could eventually reach the marketplace (15). 

Table 5. World Manganese Resources and Reserves Base, 10 t Manganese Content ...

Location Reserve base Economic Total reserves Ore-grade fraction, % Mine capacity Refinery and smelter capacity Mine production... 

Table 3. World Niobium Reserves and Reserves Base, t x 10 ...

Reserve base includes demonstrated resources that are economic (reserves), marginally economic (marginal reserves), and some that are subeconomic (subeconomic resources). 

Table 3. World Tantalum Reserves and Reserve Base 1992, t ...

World mine production, reserves, and reserve base is Hsted in Table 3. ... 

U.S. imports by class and country, 3 49t world mine production, reserves, and reserve base, 3 42t Antimony (III) acetate, 3 65 Antimony alloys, 3 41-56 compositional ranges, 3 52t process metallurgy, 3 44-47 selenium and metallurgy of, 22 98 uses of, 3 51-54... 

Of course, coal liquefaction can never be a permanent solution to the United States s energy problems, for coal, though presently plentiful, is nevertheless a nonrenewable resource with a finite future. The U.S. Geological Survey in 1976 identified American coal resources at approximately 1,731 billion tons, with a demonstrated reserve base of 438 billion tons which existing technology can mine... 

It is important to distinguish between the commonly used terms, resource, reserve base and reserve ... 

A reserve base is the amount of material in the resource that meets certain physical criteria for extraction. 

A reserve is the amount of material in a reserve base that can be economically extracted at the present time. 

That part of the reserve base that could be econombally extracted or produced at the time of determination. The term reserves does not signify that extraction facilities are in place and operative. Reserves include only recoverable materials. 

Figure I. World petroleum reserves (based on data from the Oil and Gas...

Table 3 illustrates basic interdependencies between pipeline diameter, required market size, reserve base and feasible distance to market at an average cost-of-transportation index (ACTI)11 of 35 per 1,000 m3. 

Upstream Reserve base may have to be adjusted Independently certify reserves, assure... 

Potential reserves reserves based upon geological information about the types of sediments where such resources are likely to occur and they are considered to represent an educated guess. 

The U.S. has vast coal resources of various geologic age (Carboniferous to Tertiary) and rank (lignite to anthracite). The regions with major coal resources in the conterminous U.S. are divided into six provinces Eastern, Interior, Rocky Mountains, Northern Great Plains, Gulf, and Pacific Coast. In addition, there are Alaskan coal fields (1). Information concerning geographic area, age, rank, reserve base, and sulfur abundance in coals from major basins in these provinces is summarized in Table I. 

Coal basin Geographic area Rank Reserve base Sulfur abundance... 

Demonstrated reserve base in billion short tons. Data are taken from a U.S.D.O.E. Energy Information Agency publication (4), Nelson (5), and Merritt (6). 

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