Marginal reserves

Reserve base includes demonstrated resources that are economic (reserves), marginally economic (marginal reserves), and some that are subeconomic (subeconomic resources). 

Marginal reserves. Part of the reserve base which, at the time of determination, borders on being economically producible. 

Subeconomic resources. Part of identified resources that does not meet the economic criteria of reserves and marginal reserves. 

Reserve base. Part of an identified resource that meets specified minimum physical and chemical criteria related to current mining and production practices, including those of grade, quality, thickness and depth. The reserve base includes those resources that are currently economic (reserves), marginally economic (marginal reserves) and finally those that are currently subeconomic (subeconomic resources). 

Reserve base = Reserves + Marginal Reserves + Subeconomic Reserves... 

Osteomalacia is the adult equivalent of rickets. It results from the demineralization of bone, rather than the failure to mineralize it in the first place, as is the case with rickets. Women who have little exposure to sunlight are especially at risk from osteomalacia after several pregnancies because of the strain that pregnancy places on their marginal reserve of calcium. 

Demonstrated reserve quantities are estabUshed by measurements including drillings surface sampling, etc. Inferred reserves are those derived from geological survey information, not by measurement of the extent of the particular reserve. Not included herein are identified marginal and speculative resources, such as the oil-field and geothermal brines and lithium-hearing clays. These latter reserves are speculative as to extent, not existence. Total undiscovered clays in the western United States are speculatively estimated at 15 x 10 t lithium (16). More detailed Hsts of reserves are also available (15,17). 

Page 3 gives a summary of the most important result in a figure illustrating in a semi-quantitative way the conditions in the specified CSTR. As can be seen on line 74, Dar is somewhat larger than the critical value but the concentration difference on line 75 is small, so this result can be accepted with some reservations. The Carberry number is also larger than the criteria, therefore these experimental results are marginal for Nox abatement... 

In the literature we encounter three common transformations of the contingency table. These can be classified according to the type of closure that is involved. By closure we mean the operation of dividing each element in a row or column of a table by its corresponding marginal sum. We reserve the word closure for the specific operation where the elements in a row or column of the table are reduced to unit sum. This way, we distinguish between closure and normalization, as the latter implies an operation which reduces the elements of a table to unit sums of squares. In a strict sense, closure applies only to tables with non-negative elements. 

Texas is expected to add almost 6 million residents in the next decade. At the same time, electric power reserve margins in Texas are compressing rapidly and are expected to fall below reliable levels by 2010. 

Therapeutic uses. Because of their narrow therapeutic margin, these antiarrhythmics are only employed when rhythm disturbances are of such severity as to impair the pumping action of the heart, or when there is a threat of other compUcations. The choice of drug is empirical If the desired effect is not achieved, another drug is tried. Combinations of antiarrhythmics are not customary. Amiodarone is reserved for special cases. 

Guanethidine may aggravate congestive heart failure or actually precipitate failure in patients with marginal cardiac reserve, owing to its ability to produce vascular volume expansion, edema, and a reduced effectiveness of sympathetic cardiac stimulation. 

The disposal pile should be as long as water depth permits in shallow water to provide maximum oil containment in event of malfunction and to minimize the possibility of sheen. In deep water, length is set to provide a safety- margin of reserve capacity after alarm and shutdown signals activate. 

Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Likewise, the reserves in the USA and Canada are 17% and 19.1% respectively. Nevertheless, statistical analysis shows that European UGS have been under-utilized during the latest years. That s why it is recommended for operators to justify planning margins through cost-benefit analysis and other affecting factors, in the liberalized conditions of new gas markets. 

Bullous keratopathy is a major complication of cataract surgery. In the past, penetrating keratoplasty was considered the most effective therapy for the symptomatic stage of the disease. Other surgical options have included conjunctival flaps, enucleation (reserved for blind, painful eyes) and, more recently, deep phototherapeutic keratectomy and amniotic membrane transplantation. Medical therapy of bullous keratopathy using hypertonic saline (Nad 5%) has been of marginal benefit due to its relatively weak osmotic effect. 

Most of the processes discussed either have been or are being used to supply synthetic fuels on a commercial basis. There is, therefore, little question as to the feasibility of these processes. In most cases, however, these ventures have proved and continue to prove economically unattractive in the face of abundant supplies of cheap natural gas and oil. When supplies dwindle and prices escalate, as is likely to happen eventually, specific processes can be expected to become marginally attractive. In the United States, probably the most competitive of the synthetic fuels are shale oil and low-CV and medium-CV gas. The more complex routes to liquid transportation fuels from coal can be expected to be more costly. In all cases a reduction in costs will occur as experience is gained from initial plants. Coal and, eventually, oil shale reserves will, however, also become depleted. Because biomass can probably make only a limited contribution to the total energy demand, other sources of energy will have to be harnessed. The development of synthetic fuels will probably be necessary to obtain the time needed for the evolution of such alternative energy sources. 

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