Reproductive volume

Effect criterion by which toxicity is estimated (e.g., mortality, growth, reproduction). Volume 1(3,10). 

Ephippium (s.), ephippia (pi.) Egg case that develops under the postero-dorsal part of the adult Daphnia female carapace in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. Ephippia eggs are the outcome of sexual reproduction. Volume 1(10). 

FIGURE 18.8 Interannual variability in reproductive volume (water with salinity >11 psu and oxygen concentration >2 ml/1) in the main cod spawning areas in the eastern Baltic Sea (Plikshs et al., 1993 ICES, 2004b). 

Up until 1986 the major use for 2-j -butylphenol was in the production of the herbicide, 2-j -butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol [88-85-7] which was used as a pre- and postemergent herbicide and as a defoHant for potatoes (30). The EPA banned its use in October 1986 based on a European study which showed that workers who came in contact with 2-j -butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol experienced an abnormally high rate of reproduction problems. Erance and the Netherlands followed with a ban in 1991. A significant volume of 2-j -butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol is used worldwide as a polymerization inhibitor in the production of styrene where it is added to the reboiler of the styrene distillation tower to prevent the formation of polystyrene (31). OSBP is used in the Par East as the carbamate derivative, 2-j -butylphenyl-Ai-methylcarbamate [3766-81-2] (BPMC) (32). BPMC is an insecticide used against leaf hoppers which affect the rice fields. 

If the substitute fuel is of the same general type, eg, propane for methane, the problem reduces to control of the primary equivalence ratio. For nonaspiring burners, ie, those in which the air and fuel suppHes are essentially independent, it is further reduced to control of the fuel dow, since the air dow usually constitutes most of the mass dow and this is fixed. For a given fuel supply pressure and fixed dow resistance of the feed system, the volume dow rate of the fuel is inversely proportional to. ypJ. The same total heat input rate or enthalpy dow to the dame simply requires satisfactory reproduction of the product of the lower heating value of the fuel and its dow rate, so that WI = l- / remains the same. WI is the Wobbe Index of the fuel gas, and... 

Figures 1-3 and Tables 1-3 were originally published in the indicated volumes of the Journal of Organic Chemistry. The American Chemical Society has kindly granted permission for reproduction. The author is indebted to Professor H. Wynberg and Professor D. J. Gerritsen for encouragement to write this chapter.

ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, VOLUME 35 Copyright 1999 by Academic Press, All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. 

Fourth, body size is one of the major adaptations of any animal species. It affects all aspects of an animal s life including locomotion, diet, and reproduction. As such, it should also affect an animal s water balance due to such general considerations as the surface to volume ratio during heat production. Storage, and loss. Obviously, the average species body size is important in considering oxygen inputs and outputs. 

Volume 1 Analysis of reproductive outcomes and environmental exposures in Woburn, MA. Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Environmental Health Assessment, Massachusetts of Health Research Institute in collaboration with the Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

Papers are reviewed critically according to ACS editorial standards and receive the careful attention and processing characteristic of ACS publications. Volumes in the Advances in Chemistry Series maintain the integrity of the symposia on which they are based however, verbatim reproductions of previously published papers are not accepted. Papers may include reports of research as well as reviews, because symposia may embrace both types of presentation. 

Finasteride has been clinically proved to reduce the median volume of the prostate in patients and is currently prescribed for the treatment of BPH. The compound also has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of male pattern baldness and is prescribed for this indication as well. Subsequent to the discovery of finasteride, it was found that there are two isoforms of steroid 5a-reductase in mammals, type 1 and type 2. The type 2 isoform is primarily active in reproductive tissue, while the type 1 isoform contributes to DHT formation in the skin, liver, and reproductive tissue. Finasteride inhibits both isozymes in rats, but selectively inhibits the type 2 isozyme only in humans. It is hypothesized that dual inhibition of both isoforms of steroid 5a-reductase might prove more effective in treating BPH. Hence the GlaxoSmithKline group identified and developed dutasteride (Figure 8.18C). Dutasteride inactivates both human isoforms of steroid 5a-reductase by a mechanism similar to that described for finasteride (Bramson et al., 1997 see also the Web site www.avodart.com). Both finasteride and dutasteride have demonstrated clinical efficacy and are currently used in the treatment of BPH. 

The two types of wood differ, however, in their nature and structure. The main structural characteristic of the hardwoods (which are botanically known as angiosperms, plants that flower to pollinate for seed reproduction) is that in their trunks or branches, the volume of wood taken up by dead cells, varies greatly, although it makes up an average of about 50% of the total volume. In softwoods (from the botanical group gymnosperms, which do not have flowers but use cones for seed reproduction) the dead cells are much more elongated and fibrous than in hardwoods, and the volume taken up by dead cells may represent over 90% of the total volume of the wood. 

All of the organ systems in the body, except the reproductive system, contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis (see Table 1.1). For example, the gastrointestinal tract digests foods to provide nutrients to the body. The respiratory system obtains oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide. The circulatory system transports all of these materials and others from one part of the body to another. The renal system eliminates wastes and plays a role in regulating blood volume and blood pressure. 

Meanwhile the first tranche of the registration is done for all chemicals with a market volume of more than 1,000 Mg/a and for chemicals which have a high concern out of hazardous reasons (e.g., carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic to reproduction (CMR)). By the REACH deadline of 30 November 2010 for the first tranche, 24,675 registration dossiers were submitted for 4,300 substances including nearly... 

Every effort has been made by the authors, editors, and publishers to contact all the copyright holders to obtain their permission for the reproduction of copyrighted material. Regrettably it remains possible that this process was incomplete. Thus if any copyrights have been overlooked, the publisher will ensure correction at the first opportunity for subsequent reprint of this volume. 

The publication of this book represents the third soft cover reproduction of single-volume Organic Reactions chapters. The success of the first two soft cover... 

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