Replicate core levels

Replicate splittings of the 2p, 3d, 4d, 5s, and 5p core levels calculated for the five lanthanide metals which form mi xed-valent materials characterized by the indicated 4f configurations. 

Figure 4. Plot of Li isotopic composition vs. MgO content for samples of the Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii (Tomascak et al. 1999b). Cored basalt samples show a range of crystallization temperatures (estimated for four of the samples). The absence of permil-level variation in 5 Li indicates that Li isotopes do not fractionate appreciably during crystallization in mantle systems. Open symbols (o) are replicate measurements.

Biological assays are often noisy and laborious. With careful application of experimental design, cell culture bioassays can be made quite accurate and precise. The core information needed for validation can come from two experiments. One experiment studies accuracy and precision followed by a variance component analysis and a summary table that describes the expected performance of the system at various levels of replication. A second experiment uses a minimal fractional factorial design to study robustness, followed by a comparison of confidence intervals on effect sizes with a previously established indifference zone. 

Not all viruses have a protein coat or envelope. However, a protein structure called the capsid is present, and it becomes the only protection for the nucleic acid core in the absence of an envelope. Envelope proteins, when present, are frequently glycosylated. The most important virus-specific proteins are the transcriptases. In studying viral replication pathways by utilizing various inhibitors as molecular probes, some processes unique to viruses have been discovered. This may allow the designing of specific replicative inhibitors that might function clinically at acceptable toxicity levels. For example, RNA viruses either... 

Most poxvirus virions appear to enter cells by pinocytosis, and then to uncoat within cytoplasmic vesicles. Poxvirus replication occurs in these discrete cytoplasmic inclusions, independent of the cell nucleus. Host biosynthetic processes are inhibited soon after poxvirus infection occurs. Virus transcription initiates almost immediately after entry, as DNA transcription is initiated by core enzymes while the genome is still in the core. Early gene products have to do with DNA synthesis, ensuring adequate levels of precursors for DNA synthesis and inhibition of host defense mechanisms.26 This... 

Layers of the sediment cores between 0-4 centimetre and 4-8 centimetre from the seabed level were taken out for analyses. Some replicate analyses were made on the same sample. 

The types of DPP molecule we have discussed are broadly classified into two groups mono-DPP where one DPP unit serves as the molecular core, and bis-DPP where two DPP molecules are incorporated as the end-cap units. The initial success of the former was replicated by the latter and has been appropriately extended to a tris-DPP molecular system, effectively increasing the n-conjugation of the system and enhancing the push-pull characteristics of the molecule. Compounds 19 and 20 (Figure 5.10), incorporate three DPP units, which impart a low-lying HOMO energy level of -5.4 and -5.2 eV... 

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