Poxvirus infected

De Clercq, E. (2002). Cidofovir in the treatment of poxvirus infections. Antiviral Research, 55, 1-13. 

Thiosemicarbazones have long been used as antiviral agents, principally against pox viruses of the vaccinia family. One compound of this series, the isatin derivative (6) C9HgN4OS, has been used prophylactically to prevent outbreaks of smallpox in humans (10) and to inhibit the protein synthesis in poxvirus-infected cells. The molecular mechanics relating to this property are still not known (11), though the binding of a metal ion may be a key factor... 

Mullbacher A 2003 Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in recovery from poxvirus infections. Rev Med Virol 13 223-232... 

O Neill HC, Blanden RV, O Neill TJ 1983 H-2-linked control of resistance to ectromeHa virus infection in BIO congenic mice. Immunogenetics 18 255—265 Panchanathan V, Chaudhri G, Karupiah G 2005 Interferon function is not required for recovery from a secondary poxvirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 12921—12926 Panchanathan V, Chaudhri G, Karupiah G 2006 Protective immunity against secondary poxvirus infection is dependent on antibody but not on CD4 or CDS T-cell function. J Virol 80 6333-6338... 

Most poxvirus virions appear to enter cells by pinocytosis, and then to uncoat within cytoplasmic vesicles. Poxvirus replication occurs in these discrete cytoplasmic inclusions, independent of the cell nucleus. Host biosynthetic processes are inhibited soon after poxvirus infection occurs. Virus transcription initiates almost immediately after entry, as DNA transcription is initiated by core enzymes while the genome is still in the core. Early gene products have to do with DNA synthesis, ensuring adequate levels of precursors for DNA synthesis and inhibition of host defense mechanisms.26 This... 

Baxby D. Human poxvirus infection after the eradication of smallpox. Epidemiol Infect. 1988 100 321-334. 

Hahon N. Smallpox and related poxvirus infections in the simian host. Bact Rev. 1961 25 459-476. 

Huggins JW, Robertson M, Kefauver D, Laughlin C, Knight JC, Esposito JJ. 1996. Potential Antiviral Therapeutics for Smallpox and Other Poxvirus Infections (abstract). Presented at the XI Poxvirus and Iridovirus Meeting,... 

Poxviruses are a family of complex DNA viruses that normally cause acute infections and do not establish latency or persist in the infected host. Poxviruses infect a wide variety of mammalian species, but only two species exclusively infect humans. These are the orthopoxvirus (OPV) variola vims (VaV), which caused smallpox before its eradication, and the distandy related moUuscipoxvims moUuscum contagiosum virus (MCV), which causes papular tumors in the skin. Other species of OPV are vaccinia virus (W), the vaccine used for smallpox... 

Mahalingam S, Foster PS, Lobigs M et al. Interferon-inducible chemokines and immunity to poxvirus infections. Immunol Rev 2000 177 127-133. 

McAuslan, B. R. 1963. The induction and repression of thymidine kinase in the poxvirus-infected HeLa cell. Virology, 21 383. 

Thlosemicarbazones - No clinical experiments utilizing isatin thiosemicarbazones in poxvirus infections were reported during this period. The finding that isatin thiosemicarbazones active against poxvirus also inhibit the multiplication of certain strains of rhinovirus led to the finding that 2-methyl-4 5-tnethyl-5H-as-triazino- indol-5-yl)amin5 -2-... 

De Clercq E (2011) The clinical potential of the acyclic (and cyclic) nucleoside phosphonates. The magic of the phosphonate bond. Biochem Pharmacol 82 99-109 44. Andrei G, Snoeck R (2010) Cidofovir activity against poxvirus infections. Viruses 2(12) 2803-2830... 

A completely different example of the serpin CrmA (cytokine response modifier A), which expresses Cowpox virus. The targets of CrmA are members of the caspase family of proteases that either initiate the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis (caspases 8 and 10) or trigger activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 p and interleukin-18 (caspase 1). CrmA has the typical fold of a cleaved serpin, even though it lacks the N-terminal half of the A helix, the entire D helix, and a portion of the E helix that are present in all other known serpins. Thus, the inhibitory proteins can be not only drugs. They may also viral countermeasures to host defenses against infection may contribute significantly to the pathology associated with poxvirus infections (Renatus et al, 2000). 

Jungwirth, C., and Launer, J., 1968, Effect of poxvirus infection on host cell deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, J. Virol. 2 401. 

Walen, K. H., 1971, Nuclear involvement in poxvirus infections, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68 165. 

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