Replacement with lignin derivatives

There have been many attempts to replace these resins with lignin derivatives for wood composite adhesives suitable for plywood, particleboard and waferboard. Most of these studies have been empirical in nature, and few have achieved further consideration for industrial application. As wood binders, technical lignins are variable in quality and poorly reactive in comparison to conventional resin systems such as phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins. Consequently, they are not utilized on their own. Indeed, if they were, this would adversely affect production quality and times, and necessitate equipment changes. In the wood composite industry, resins having such deleterious effects are not likely to be used even if savings could be made in terms of material costs. 

To stimulate the replacement of more hazardous materials by lignin-derived products biocides and bio-stabilizers in textiles, cosmetics, animal feed (hygienic prevention in food chain) and health prevention by action of lignin as polyphe-nolic compound with specific characteristics like anti-microbial, anti-oxidant etc. 

Lignification, based on phenylpropanoid metabolites, is associated with the advent of land plants. It is thought by many that early land plants were woody. In evolutionarily advanced plant groups, there is a tendency toward herbaceousness, or a decrease in the synthesis and accumulation of lignin. In some of these plants, lignin precursors may serve as the starting point for such secondary metabolites as phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Some plants of the family Rutaceae accumulate alkaloids derived from phenylpropanoid precursors, but these compounds appear to have been lost and replaced by alkaloids based on anthranilic acid in some more evolutionarily advanced mem-... 

There is also a general interest in the sustainable production of chemicals and/or materials from renewable biomass feedstock. Indeed, they are regarded as promising materials that could replace petrochemical based polymers, reduce global dependence on fossil fuel sources and provide simplified end-of-life disposal [34]. The major chemical constituents derived from low-value biomass (i.e. lignocellulosic source) with potential to combine with polyolefins are cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and suberin. 

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