Replacement by fluonne with

The reaction of diethyl tartrate with sulfur tetrafluonde at 25 °C results in replacement of one hydroxyl group, whereas at 100 °C, both hydroxyl groups are replaced by fluonne to form a,a -difluorosuccinate [762] The stereochemical outcome of the fluonnation of tartrate esters is retention of configuration at one of the chiral carbon atoms and inversion of configuration at the second chiral center [163,164, 165] Thus, treatment ofdimethyl(+)-L-tartrate with sulfur tetrafluonde gives dimethyl meso-a,a difluorosuccinate as the final product [163, 164], whereas dimethyl meso tartrate is converted into a racemic mixture of D- and L-a,a -difluorosuccmates [765] (equation 80)... 

A nitro group in the artho or para position to fluonne is known to enhance its replacement by hydroxyl [II, 12] Bromine and iodine are much less prone to hydrolysis under similar conditions The effect is much less pronounced with the meta nitro derivative (equation 11) With o-nitro-p-fluoroaniline, it is the amino group ortho to the nitro group, rather than meia fluorine, that is replaced by hydroxyl (equation 12)... 

Fluorme replacement m condensedpolyfluoroaromatics can be a complicated process In perfluoroanihracene the fluonne reactivity toward replacement by methoxide foQows the order 2-F > 9-F [14], whereas in perfluoropyrene, the reactivity decreases in the senes 1-F > 3-F > 6-F> 8-F [75] In decafluoro-l,4-di-hydronaphlhalene, the 6-fluorme is most easily replaced [75] (equation 10) All fluonne atoms in perfluoronaphthalene are replaced by alkoxide or aryloxide with Al, 7 -dimethylimidazolidm-2 one (DMI) as the solvent [16] (equation 11)... 

When position 4 of perfluoropyridine is blocked with a poor leaving group, ammonia replaces the fluonne in position 2 in good yield. Oxidation of the products obtained with hypochlorite, followed by lodme-catalyzed rearrangement, yields interesting fluorodienes [78] (equation 41) Ultraviolet irradiation can be used to assist reactions m which substitution is difficult [79]... 

An unactivated aryl fluorine may be activated by complexauon with chro-mium(VI). Replacement of the fluonne in the complexed system occurs readily, and the uncomplexetl aromatic product can be generated by treatment with iodine [84] (equation 46)... 

Reactions of fluorinated dipolarophiles. Electron-deficient unsaturated species generally make better dipolarophiles, therefore, fluonnated alkenes become better dipolarophiles when vinylic fluonnes are replaced by perfluoroalkyl groups For example, perfluoro-2-butene is unreactive with diazomethane, but more highly substituted perfluoroalkenes, such as perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene, undergo cycloadditions in high yields [5] (equation 2) Note the regiospecificity that IS observed in this reaction... 

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